Can we control all-cause meningococcal disease in Europe? M. Sadarangani, A.J. Pollard Clinical Microbiology and Infection Volume 22, Pages S103-S112 (December 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.03.006 Copyright © 2016 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions
Fig. 1 Map of notification rates per 100 000 population of invasive meningococcal disease in Europe in 2012. Source: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/data-tools/atlas/Pages/atlas.aspx). Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2016 22, S103-S112DOI: (10.1016/j.cmi.2016.03.006) Copyright © 2016 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions
Fig. 2 Notification rate of confirmed cases of invasive meningococcal disease by age group and sex in Europe in 2012. Total number of cases included was 3439 [20]. Source: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2016 22, S103-S112DOI: (10.1016/j.cmi.2016.03.006) Copyright © 2016 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions
Fig. 3 Impact of MCCs on MenC disease in Europe [21,22]. (Top) Reduction in incidence rate of confirmed and probable MenC disease (1999–2006) in countries that did include MCC in their routine vaccination schedule but not in those countries without MCC. (Bottom) Incidence rates of MenC disease by vaccination policy in countries within Europe. MCC, meningococcal capsular group C conjugate vaccine; MenC, meningococcal capsular group C. Source: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2016 22, S103-S112DOI: (10.1016/j.cmi.2016.03.006) Copyright © 2016 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions
Fig. 4 Number of cases of meningococcal disease over time in England and Wales, 1912–2012 [23] (a) and 2005–2015 [25] (b) Reference lines for England estimates are based on hospital episode statistical data. Source: BMJ (a) and Public Health England (b). Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2016 22, S103-S112DOI: (10.1016/j.cmi.2016.03.006) Copyright © 2016 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions