Newton’s Third Law of Motion No higher resolution available Newton’s Third Law of Motion Key Concepts What is Newton’s Third Law of Motion? How can you determine the momentum of an object? What is the Law of Conservation of Momentum? Key Terms: Momentum

Newton’s Third Law of Motion If one object exerts a force on another object, then the second object exerts a force of equal strength in the opposite direction on the first object “For every action there is an equal but opposite reaction”

Action – Reaction Pairs Examples from book Gymnast pushes down on vaulting horse, the horse pushes him up and over Kayak paddle pushes the water back, the water pushes the kayak forward A dog pushes down on the ground, the ground pushes up on the dog causing it to leap into the air Other Examples…….

oppositely directed force on the first one. If the example above Detecting Motion You can’t always detect motion when paired forces are in action. If one of the pairs is much more massive, you will only see the less massive object move Example – When you push down on the Earth, you won’t see the Earth move, only you jumping in the air

Do Action – Reaction Forces Cancel? If 2 equal act in opposite directions they are balanced and cancel each other out. There is no movement Action – Reaction forces do not cancel out because they are acting on 2 different objects

Momentum A characteristic of a moving object that is related to the mass and velocity of the object Can be determined by the following formula” Momentum = mass X Velocity Unit is kg *m/s Like velocity and acceleration, momentum has a direction. Its direction is the same as its velocity

Sample Momentum Problem Which has more momentum: a 3.0 kg sledgehammer swung at 1.5m/s, or a 4.0 kg sledgehammer swung at .9m/s? Mass 1 = 3.0kg Velocity 1 = 1.5 m/s Momentum = mass X velocity = 3.0kg * 1.5m/2 = 4.5kg*m/s Mass 2 = 4.0kg Velocity 2 = .9m/s Momentum = mass X velocity = 4.0kg * .9m/s = 3.6kg*m/s

Math Practice 1 A golf ball travels at 16m/s, while a baseball moves at 7 m/s. The mass of the golf ball is .045 kg and the mass of the baseball is 0.14 kg. Which has greater momentum?

Math Practice 2 What is the momentum of a bird with a mass of 0.018 kg flying at 15 m/s?

Momentum The more momentum an object has the harder it is to stop The more mass an object has, the more momentum. You can stop a baseball traveling 20m/s, but not a truck The greater the velocity an object has, the harder it is to stop. An arrow shot from a bow has a large momentum even though it has a small mass

Conservation of Momentum Conservation – same amount before and after an event Total amount of momentum objects have when they collide is conserved Law of Conservation of Momentum – states that in the absence of outside forces, the total momentum of objects that interact does not change Friction is an example of an outside force

Collision with Moving Objects

Sources http://www.sciencetoymaker.org/balloon/images/newton.gif http://onlinephys.com/newton3.html http://www.calctool.org/CALC/phys/newtonian/momentum.png http://www.toyday.co.uk/shop/images/uploads/bow-and-arrow-set-3.jpg