Brain Machine Interface and Limb Reanimation Technologies: Restoring Function After Spinal Cord Injury Through Development of a Bypass System  Darlene A. Lobel, MD, Kendall H. Lee, MD, PhD  Mayo Clinic Proceedings  Volume 89, Issue 5, Pages 708-714 (May 2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.02.003 Copyright © 2014 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Brain machine interface–directed limb reanimation concept. A patient with spinal cord injury undergoes implantation with a cortical device to capture signals produced by the brain as he imagines movements. These signals are then processed and delivered wirelessly to an intraspinal microstimulation device, allowing him to walk. Image courtesy of Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2014 89, 708-714DOI: (10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.02.003) Copyright © 2014 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Intraspinal microstimulation (ISMS) implantation concept. A, Spinal cord injury located at T12, producing a complete lesion. Laminectomy (B) and pedicle screw placement (C) performed as standard treatment for spinal fractures. D, Spinal cord cross-section showing electrode array implantation location in the ventral horn region below the level of the injury. E, Patient with implanted intraspinal microelectrode array now able to walk via wirelessly controlled ISMS system. Image courtesy of Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2014 89, 708-714DOI: (10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.02.003) Copyright © 2014 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions