INTRODUCTION TO THE NERVOUS AND VASCULAR SYSTEMS

NERVOUS SYSTEM

GENERAL ORGANIZATION

BY LOCATION: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM BRAIN SPINAL CORD PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM NERVOUS TISSUE OUTSIDE THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM SPINAL NERVES CRANIAL NERVES AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

GANGLIA A GROUP OF NERVE CELL BODIES OUTSIDE OF THE CNS TYPES OF GANGLIA DORSAL ROOT CRANIAL NERVE GANGLIA AUTONOMIC GANGLIA

AUTONOMIC GANGLIA PARASYMPATHETIC SYMPATHETIC HEAD GANGLIA NEAR ORGAN (EPICARDIUM) WITHIN ORGAN (INTRAMURAL) SYMPATHETIC PARAVERTEBRAL PREVERTEBRAL ADRENAL MEDULLA

CRANIAL NERVES ORIGIN: BRAIN EACH ONE IS NAMED AND NUMBERED ROMAN NUMERALS USED FOR NUMBERS MAY BE SENSORY NERVES, MOTOR NERVES OR CARRY BOTH SENSORY AND MOTOR INFORMATION.

CRANIAL NERVES (Cont.) I. OLFACTORY II. OPTIC III. OCULOMOTOR IV. TROCHLEAR V. TRIGEMINAL VI. ABDUCENS VII. FACIAL VIII. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR IX. GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL X. VAGUS XI. ACCESSORY XII. HYPOGLOSSAL ON OLD OLYMPUS’ TOWERING TOP A FAT VULGAR GERMAN VIEWED HOP

CRANIAL NERVES (Cont.) I. OLFACTORY II. OPTIC III. OCULOMOTOR IV. TROCHLEAR V. TRIGEMINAL VI. ABDUCENS VII. FACIAL VIII. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR IX. GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL X. VAGUS XI. ACCESSORY XII. HYPOGLOSSAL SOME (SENSORY) SAY MARRY (MOTOR) MONEY BUT (BOTH SEN. & MOT.) MY BROTHER SAYS BETTER BORROW MORE

BY FUNCTION: MOTOR/EFFERENT SENSORY/AFFERENT SOMATIC MOTOR VISCERAL MOTOR SENSORY/AFFERENT GENERAL SENSORY SPECIAL SENSORY

SPINAL NERVES ORIGIN: SPINAL CORD EXIT VERTEBRAL COLUMN BETWEEN VERTEBRAE NAMED FOR REGION CERVICAL (C1-8) THORACIC (T1-12) LUMBAR (L1-5) SACRAL (S1-5) COCCYGEAL ALL BOTH SENSORY AND MOTOR

SEGMENTAL INNERVATION SPINAL NERVES LEAVE THE SPINAL CORD AT REGULAR INTERVALS EACH SUPPLIES A SPECIFIC AREA OR SEGMENT OF THE BODY

CROSS SECTION OF THE CORD WHITE MATER CENTRAL GRAY CENTRAL CANAL DORSAL ROOT DORSAL ROOT GANGLION VENTRAL ROOT SPINAL NERVE

MENINGES DURA ARACHNOID PIA SUBDURAL SPACE SUBARACHNOID SPACE EPIDURAL SPACE

SPECIALIZATIONS ENLARGEMENTS CONUS MEDULLARIS CAUDA EQUINA FILUM TERMINALE

TYPICAL SPINAL NERVE EXITS INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMEN DIVIDES POSTERIOR PRIMARY RAMUS ANTERIOR PRIMARY RAMUS

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 2 NEURON CHAIN PREGANGLIONIC CELL BODY IN CNS POSTGANGLIONIC CELL BODY IN GANGLION (PERIPHERY) GANGLION 1 2

SHORT PREGANGLIONIC AXON LONG POSTGANGLIONIC AXON SYMPATHETIC SHORT PREGANGLIONIC AXON LONG POSTGANGLIONIC AXON GANGLION

SYMPATHETIC THORACOLUMBAR OUTFLOW PREGANGLIONIC FIBERS EXIT WITH THORACIC AND LUMBAR SPINAL NERVES

PARAVERTEBRAL (CHAIN) GANGLIA ONE GANGLION/ SPINAL NERVE WHITE RAMI GRAY RAMI THREE CERVICAL GANGLIA

FATE OF PREGANGLIONIC FIBER PREGANG. NEURON IN LAT. HORN AXON EXITS IN VENTRAL ROOT SYNAPSE IN GANGLION POSTGANG. AXON REJOINS SPINAL NERVE

FATE OF PREGANGLIONIC FIBER PASS THROUGH GANGLION WITHOUT SYNAPSE ASCEND OR DESCEND IN CHAIN TO DIFFERENT LEVEL

FATE OF PREGANGLIONIC FIBER EXIT THE CHAIN VIA THE SPLANCHNIC NERVE (VISCERAL RAMUS) PASS TO THE PREVERTEBRAL GANGLIA PREVERTEBRAL GANGLION SPLANCHNIC NERVE

PREVERTEBRAL GANGLIA THREE GANGLIA CELIAC SUPERIOR MESENTERIC INFERIOR MESENTERIC PREGANGLIONIC FIBERS FROM SPLANCHNIC NERVES POSTGANGLIONIC FIBERS DISTRIBUTE WITH ARTERY

PARASYMPATHETIC

PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEM SHORT POSTGANGLIONIC AXON LONG PREGANGLIONIC AXON GANGLION

CRANIAL-SACRAL OUTFLOW CRANIAL NERVES III, VII, IX, X OCULOMOTOR (III): NUCLEUS OF EDINGER-WESTPHAL FACIAL (VII) SUPERIOR SALIVATORY NUCLEUS GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL (IX) INFERIOR SALIVATORY NUCLEUS VAGUS (X) MOTOR NUCLEUS OF VAGUS

CRANIAL-SACRAL OUTFLOW (Cont.) SACRAL SPINAL CORD PREGANGLIONIC NEURONS IN THE SACRAL REGION OF THE CORD AXONS EXIT THE ANTERIOR (VENTRAL) ROOT PELVIC SPLANCHNIC NERVES

GANGLIA HEAD GANGLIA GANGLIA AT THE ORGAN BEING INNERVATED CILIARY PTERYGOPALATINE OTIC SUBMANDIBULAR GANGLIA AT THE ORGAN BEING INNERVATED EPICARDIUM INTRAMURAL GANGLIA

AUTONOMIC FIBERS WHITE RAMUS CHAIN GANGLION GRAY RAMUS PREGANGLIONIC FIBERS CHAIN GANGLION GRAY RAMUS POSTGANGLIONIC FIBERS

DERMATOMES SENSORY AREA SUPPLIED BY ONE SPECIFIC SPINAL NERVE.

MYOTOMES MOTOR AREA SUPPLIED BY ONE SPECIFIC SPINAL NERVE. SIMILAR TO DERMATOMES IN THE TRUNK

REFERRED PAIN CONVERGENCE OF SENSORY INFORMATION. BRAIN MISIDENTIFIES SOURCE OF PAIN IMPULSE.

BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM

ARTERY EFFERENT VESSELS HIGH PRESSURE THICK WALL ROUND

CAPILLARIES MICROSCOPIC VESSELS WHERE NUTRIENTS AND WASTE EXCHANGED BETWEEN BLOOD AND TISSUES

VEIN AFFERENT VESSEL LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM THIN WALL FLATTENED IN APPEARANCE

PORTAL VESSELS CONNECT TWO CAPILLARY BEDS THREE PORTAL SYSTEMS HEPATIC PORTAL SYSTEM (LIVER) HYPOTHALAMO-HYPOPHYSEAL PORTAL SYSTEM KIDNEY

LYMPHATIC VESSELS FUNCTION STRUCTURE