Biological Molecules… Introduction / Carbohydrates

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Presentation transcript:

Biological Molecules… Introduction / Carbohydrates

What are the major biological molecules? 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ Carbs, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

What is the difference between Organic and Inorganic? Inorganic Molecules > Molecules that don’t have Carbon Hydrogen (C-H) bonds. The major organic molecules (molecules with carbon-hydrogen bonds) found in living things Image: Methane : DynaBlast Wiki

Amazing Carbon The atoms can bond with each other to form long chains. Carbon is unique in many ways: The atoms can bond with each other to form long chains. Sometimes chains join together to form a ring. Carbon can form four single bonds. Double bonds form when two atoms share two pairs of electrons 4, 4 Images :www.phy.cuhk.edu.hk/.../laser/laser_e.html

Some words to help us… Mono = one Di = two Tri = three Poly = many A polymer is a chain of monomers stuck together.

Making Polymers Condensation reaction (dehydration reaction): One monomer provides a OH group while the other provides a H to form a water molecule (H2O) Hydrolysis: Bonds between monomers are broken by adding water (digestion)

Organic Molecules - Carbohydrates • _________ is a synonym for carbohydrate. • The prefixes on the word “saccharide” relates to the size of the molecule (mono-, di-, tri- poly-). Boogers Chocolate Cake You probably know that chocolate cake is full of refined sugars…carbs. You may not know that boogers contain carbs as well. Boogers are dried-up mucus and dirty nose debris. Mucus is made mostly out of sugars and protein. Looks like this little guy is double dipping. Bon appetite! carbon, CH2O, saccharide

Organic Molecules - Carbohydrates Monosaccharides _________ sugars (one molecule) simplest *glucose, fructose Disaccharides ________ sugars combination of two monosaccharides *_________ = glucose + fructose *_________ = glucose + galactose Polysaccharides ____________ composed of several sugars can be same monomer (many of same monosaccharide) or mixture of monomers _____________ carbohydrates: glycogen (animals) starch (plants) _____________ carbohydrates: chitin (animals), cellulose (plants) single, double, sucrose, lactose, polymers, storage, structural

Creation of a disaccharide Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation)

Polysaccharide Functions Storage: Plants: starch stored in plastids Animals: glycogen stored in the liver Structural: Cellulose: in plant cell walls Chitin: exoskeletons; cell walls of fungi; surgical thread

Homework Questions… Why is Carbon able to form so many different compounds? What is the monomer in a carbohydrate? What are carbohydrates used for in living things? Give an example of a dissacharide. Where is cellulose found and what is it made of? How do animals store sugars? How about plants?