Brucellosis control programme in Turkey: Mass vaccination with strains S-19 and Rev-1 administered by conjunctival route Dr. Ahmet Murat SAYTEKİN Brucellosis Reference and Vaccine Production Laboratory ahmetmurat.saytekin@tarim.gov.tr

What is Brucellosis ? Brucellosis has been described as a chronic, contagiouse, zoonotic and reticulohistiocytic disease of wild and domestic animals. It cause abortion and/or infertility through necrotic inflammations created by Brucella organisms in genital organs such as uterus, testis and udder. 4/11/2019

Common ways of transmission of the disease If we would like to evaluate spread of the disease, we can say generally four Brucella species that threaten both animal and human’s health. 4/11/2019 http://www.vet.gov.ba/?q=en/node/857

Brucellosis is a worldwide disease that cause economic losses. Why do we have to control the disease? Brucellosis is a worldwide disease that cause economic losses. Animal losses via abortions Milk and other animal products losses via abortions İnfertility and stud depreciation via inflammations Cause human health problems Loss of motivation among farmers due to failure Cannot export animals or animal products Labour Losses Treatment Costs Cannot be priceless for human health As a Result; Brucellosis is not only a disease, but also a SOCIAL PROBLEM!! 4/11/2019

What has been done in Turkey so far in order to control of the disease? The first control programme was carried out between in 1974 and 1984 10 Years Second programme was carried out between in 1984 and 2010 26 Years A seroprevalance study was carried out in 2011 and according to datas; Prevalance of brucellosis has indicated that 2.6 % (results of the cattle test positive) and 6.9% (result of cattle herds test positive) for brucellosis. Prevalance of brucellosis has indicated that 4.7 % (results of sheep and goats test positive) and 30% (result of sheep flocks test positive) for brucellosis . 4/11/2019

Vaccination of new young What has been done in Turkey so far in order to control of the disease? Strategies Herd / Flock Prevalance > 10 % Mass vaccination Vaccination of new young replacement Herd / Flock Prevalance 1 % - 5 % and test and slaughtered of adults Herd / Flock Prevalance < 1 % Test and slaughtered 4/11/2019

What has been done in Turkey so far in order to control of the disease? The new control and eradication programme has been started since January 2012. According to new programme; 1-Mass vaccination, should be performed with live Brucella vaccines by administreted conjunctival route 2-Conjunctival Brucella melitensis Rev-1 vaccines should include live bacteria between 0.5 – 2 x 109 CFU / Per Dose 3-Conjunctival Brucella abortus S-19 vaccines should include live bacteria between 5 – 10 x 109 CFU / Per Dose 4-First year, all animals should be vaccinated (Mass vaccination) . -In the second year, unvaccinated animals from the previous year and new young replacements (3-6 months age) both should be vaccinated. And this strategy should be continued in the following years. 5-There was planned one booster vaccination after 12 months later from the first vaccination just for cattles. 6- The programme will continue 10 years for cattles, 6 years for sheep and goats. After these periods, it will be carried out serosurveys and according to the surveys’ results, the project will be evaluated. 4/11/2019

Current Situation According to current data there are 15 million cattles, 33.5 million sheep and, 11 million goats in Turkey offically. (September 2017) Now we are in stage of serosurvey for sheep and goats (Six years from 2012). After the serosurvey and according to its results, we will decide to our new strategy among the strategies (which were mentioned before). Also, current project have been still carrying out for cattles and vaccination will continue the end of the 2022 (ten years from 2012). 4/11/2019

Years and Numbers of Livestock Outbreaks Cattles Sheep and Goats 2012 1696 222 2013 1319 512 2014 596 75 2015 315 73 2016 438 84 OIE Annual Animal Health Report Notification of Turkey; 2012, 2013 ,2014, 2015 and 2016. 4/11/2019

Years and numbers of human cases 2000 10742 2001 15510 2002 17765 2003 14572 2004 18264 2005 14644 2006 10810 2007 11804 2008 11809 2009 9818 2010 7703 2011 7177 2012 6759 2013 7225 2014 4403 2015 4173 2016 5148 4/11/2019

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Thank you 4/11/2019