Act 3 Scene 4 By Karin & Elizabeth

Significance Caesar’s perspective-> switch after last scene Shows Caesar’s character-> very Roman; commanding and focused, harsh, big ambitions Concern for Octavia’s arrival-> pride/dignity Caesar denounces Antony-> has publicly “given up empire to a whore” and her sons Caesar explains reasons for deposing Lepidus-> “grown too cruel/ That he his high authority abused” Octavia arrives and Caesar scolds his sister for arriving like “a market maid to Rome” -> motives?

Language Tone Caesar-> critical-> Antony’s deeds-> public enthronement opulence-> “chairs of gold” Allusion “the goddess Isis That day appeared” - Cleopatra looking powerful in front of the public after Antony had made her queen ->Enjambment implies her omnipotence cannot be contained by the line

Rhetoric-> convinces Antony Lepidus was “too cruel”, abused authority and “deserved his change” -> argues Lepidus was right to be deposed -> shows Caesar is ambitious as a leader, unlike Antony Irony-> it was Caesar who abused power to depose Lepidus -> it was unlikely that Lepidus was thirsty of power Personal pronouns-> use of “I” “me” “my” “thou” “thee” “thy” -> suggests closeness and intimacy-> love of Octavia and Caesar

“That ever I should call thee castaway!” -> angry tone -> protective brother -> respect -> Octavia deserving better treatment List-> army, horse-> how Octavia should be greeted-> increases dramatic effect-> shows his outrage Hyperbole -> “should have ascended to the roof of heaven” -> tremendous affection -> humiliates Antony’s mistreatment of Octavia -> expose to Rome his bad character

“by sea and land, supplying every stage With an augmented greeting” -> exaggerative tone -> his willingness to sacrifice -> affection or insincerity to humiliate antony “most wronged sister” ->tone of pity -> critical of Antony -> Octavia as a victim “up to a whore” -> crude language -> typical Roman prejudice against Cleopatra

Key Themes: Love, pleasure and decadence Antony “publicly enthroned” Cleopatra, showcasing his love and devotion for her-> gave her his empire Did it in “chairs of gold” -> extravagant Caesar and Octavia -> Caesar concerned -> familial love Not much pleasure in Rome, very serious Key Themes: Gender Octavia-> very submissive and passive -> Caesar worried for her-> trying to protect her

Key themes: Public vs Private Antony bestows land unto Cleo-> public display of of a private affair Caesar sees this-> disapproves of it - all his action linked to public duty-> contrast Antony Wants to publicise Octavia’s entrance -> public appearance Key themes: Honour and betrayal Caesar betrays Lepidus-> does it for own gain -> start to see ruthless ambition for power -> strategy

Development: Character Caesar Power hungry -> humiliation of Antony -> proof he’s a better ruler Politically ambitious -> rid of Lepidus as an obstacle Protective brother -> tremendous affection Octavia submissive -> lets Caesar convince her that she’s wronged naive-> thinks coming to Rome is based on her “freewill” Antony treacherous untrustworthy weak -> giving away power for love

Opening Caesar’s first words negative -> “Conteming Rome”; bad image of Antony sustained throughout his speech-> said with disgust? -> trying to influence the audience A comma after first words-> dramatic pause, audience knows Caesar is going to start denouncing Antony-> confident States his view on Cleo-> audience now aware of his stereotypical view

Ending Caesar ends negatively-> Cleo again, “whore” -> low opinion of women Maecenas’s point of view of Antony-> mistrust of Romans towards Antony-> forebodes Rome turning against Antony Accusing Antony of “levying/ The Kings o’th’earth for war” -> gathering ranks to battle with him Forebode that there will be a war

Relevant Links Not the first time Caesar complains about Antony deserting responsibilities-> No way excuse his foils when we do bear/ So great weight in his lightness. Deteriorating relations between Antony and Caesar -> even when they first meet-> not on good terms, have to be told by generals to make peace Low opinion of women expressed in later scene-> after battle, thinks Cleo will sacrifice Antony for own gain after he was defeated Antony’s love to Cleo-> also shown in act one scene 1 -> further establishes the extent of his love Octavia as a precious, vital link of Caesar’s relationship with Antony-> Antony’s desertion of her shows the breakdown of their relationship