WWI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1GBWDQ5cF_U&list=PLvGgZ5v2o_N8dDogxreL2-NbnfKHgHxqY&index=2

Taking notes What are the impacts of the war on people’s thinking (think of what Fowler talked about) What are the specific impacts of the war on the United States? What does Lodge appeal to in his arguments against the L of N? What are Wilson’s main arguments in favor? Are the attitude shown by Wilson and Lodge similar in any way?

King’s grandfather

An era of prosperity, Republican power, and conflict The Roaring 20’s An era of prosperity, Republican power, and conflict

1920's collectively known as the "Roaring 20's", or the "Jazz Age" in sum, a period of great change in American Society - modern America is born at this time for first time the census reflected an urban society – more people lived in cities and enjoy a higher standard of living

Age of Prosperity Economic expansion Mass Production Assembly Line Age of the Automobile But Ailing Agriculture…

an agricultural depression in early 1920's contributed to this urban migration U.S. farmers lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe at same time agri. efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers needed so farming was no longer as prosperous, and bankers called in their loans (farms repossessed) and U.S. farmers enter a state of economic depression BEFORE the Great Depression

It was also time of great economic inequality: Share of wealth of owned by richest 0.1 percent

The top 0.01 % of the population averaged nearly 900 times the income of the bottom 90% of the population in 1928, right before the stock market crash and depression In 2006, that ratio was nearly 1,000 times and in a little more than a year, the nation’s economy plunged into the worst recession since The Great Depression of the 1930s,

Between September 2008 and May 2009, 5.5 million jobs disappeared

Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty sharecropping kept them in de facto slavery 1915 - boll weevil wiped out the cotton crop white landowners went bankrupt & forced blacks off their land

Blacks moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form, i.e. Harlem within these ghettoes a distinct African-American culture flourished

Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association believed in Black pride advocated racial segregation b/c of Black superiority Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line attracted many investments: gov't charged him with w/fraud he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica, but his organization continued to exist

Consumer Economy

Culture of the Roaring 20’s Radio KDKA Pittsburgh GE, Westinghouse,& RCA form NBC Silent Movies Charlie Chaplin “Talkies” The Jazz Singer Starring Al Jolson Mary Pickford “America’s Sweetheart”

The 20’s is The Jazz Age The Flappers Writers Musicians make up cigarettes short skirts Writers F. Scott Fitzgerald Ernest Hemingway Musicians Louis Armstrong Duke Ellington

PROHIBITION - on manuf. and sale of alcohol adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement in WWI, temperance became a patriotic mvmt. - drunkenness caused low productivity & inefficiency, and alcohol needed to treat the wounded a difficult law to enforce... organized crime, speakeasies, bootleggers were on the rise Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period - Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w/ the 21st Amendment forced organized crime to pursue other interests…(and they were successful!!)

Prohibition Volstead Act untouchables Gangsters 18th Amendment Al Capone

Celebrities Babe Ruth &Ty Cobb Jack Dempsey “I know, but I had a better year than Hoover.” - Ruth’s reported reply when a reporter objected that the salary Ruth was demanding ($80,000) was more than that of President Herbert Hoover's ($75,000) Jack Dempsey

1920's also brought about great changes for women... During WW1, many women had entered the workforce 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote after 1920, social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions

for immigrants – the point of origin had shifted to S & E Europe and new religions appeared: Jewish, Orthodox, Catholic N. European immigrants of early 19c. feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values this fear was known as NATIVISM many wanted Congress to restrict immigration, leading to a quota system that favoured n. areas of Europe fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm. post-Bolshevik Rev.) basic comm. advocates a int'l revolution by the proletariat/workers - fears that this ideology could find its way into the U.S.

In 1919, U. S. Attorney General, A In 1919, U.S. Attorney General, A. Mitchell Palmer, used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage Led to Palmer Raids, followed a series of bombings by anarchists/radicals

A Society in Conflict Anti-immigrant feeling Trial of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti Italian immigrants Unfair trial

Sacco and Vanzetti Convicted of armed robbery, evidence was flimsy, and despite protests but they convicted and executed in 1927

The Ku Klux Klan In power Great increase Anti-black Anti-immigrant Anti-Semitic Anti-Catholic Anti-women’s suffrage Anti-bootleggers

1925 Scopes “Monkey” Trial Evolution vs. Creationism John Scopes was charged with violating a Tennessee state law forbidding the teaching of the theory of evolution. He was convicted but the ruling was overturned Science vs. Religion