NEADA 2018 National Energy Assistance Survey February 20, 2019

Presentation Overview Motivation Survey Methodology LIHEAP Recipient Households Problems Meeting Energy Needs LIHEAP Receipt and LIHEAP Impact Key Findings 2

motivation 3

Survey Motivation Measure changes over time Document impact of assistance Document need of recipients for the assistance Understand other consequences Shutoffs are not the only consequence of unaffordable energy bills 4

Background Document Previous Studies 2018 Study Need for LIHEAP Consequences of Unaffordable Energy Bills LIHEAP’s Impact Previous Studies 2003, 2005: 20 States 2008: 12 States 2009, 2011: 13 States Provided important data on LIHEAP recipients 2018 Study Developed in partnership with NEUAC and the AGA Foundation Update data from earlier surveys 7 States: CA, CT, GA, IA, IN, LA, PA 5

States Surveyed 2003 2008 2009 2011 2018 CA CO CT DE GA IA IN LA MA ME X CO CT DE GA IA IN LA MA ME MN MT 2003 2008 2009 2011 2018 NC X ND NM NY OH PA RI VA WA WI 6

Survey Methodology 7

Survey Implementation Approach to Maximize Response Rates and Representation Advance Letters APPRISE staff conducted interviews Interviews conducted day, evenings, and weekends Spanish interviewing 8

Response Rates Sample Statistics Number Selected 1,594 Unusable 218   Sample Statistics Number Selected 1,594 Unusable 218 Non-Interviews 228 Unknown Eligibility 524 Completed Interviews 624 Cooperation Rate 77% Response Rate 48% Completed Interview Rate 39% 9

LIHEAP Recipient households 10

Household Size 11

Household Composition 12

Household Composition 13

Annual Income 14

Poverty Level 15

Poverty Level and Vulnerability 16

Types of Income and Benefits Received 17

Unemployment 18

Employment & Unemployment   All Senior Disabled Child ≤18 Non-Vulnerable Number of Respondents 624 294 347 212 48 Wages 27% 7% 14% 49% 60% Retirement Income 39% 69% 45% 17% 8% Unemployed 26% 12% 18% 47% 44% Either Wages, Retirement Income, or Unemployed 74% 78% 63% 82% 19

Medical Equipment and Vulnerability 20

Problems meeting energy needs 21

Respondent Reported Energy Costs 22

LIHEAP Heating Benefits 2008 2009 2011 2018 Mean Benefit $388 $483 $424 $307 23

Energy Burden Most of those with an energy burden >25% have an energy burden >40% 24

Energy Burden 25% have no income Characteristics of households with an energy burden >40% 25% have no income Mean annual income is $755 Maximum income is $3,902 13% are seniors 27% are disabled 25% have a child <=5 47% are single parent households 25

Energy Burden Change in Energy Burden Due to LIHEAP Receipt Change   Change Number of Respondents 476 No Change 46% 1 Group Lower 51% >1 Group Lower 2% Total 100% 26

Responses to the problem 27

Reduced Expenses for Household Necessities 28

Reduced Expenses for Household Necessities 29

Closed off Part of Home 30

Closed off Part of Home 31

Kept Home at Unsafe Or Unhealthy Temperature 32

Kept Home at Unsafe Or Unhealthy Temperature 33

Used Kitchen Stove or Oven to Provide Heat 34

Used Kitchen Stove or Oven to Provide Heat 35

Responses to the Problem Comparison of Results   2003 2008 2009 2011 2018 Number of Respondents 2,161 1,256 1,828 1,768 624 Closed Off Part of Home 39% 44% 36% 37% Kept Home at Temperature You Felt was Unsafe or Unhealthy 25% 28% 26% 23% Used Kitchen Stove or Oven to Provide Heat 31% 33% 30% 36

Inability to pay energy bills 37

Skipped or Paid Less than Entire Home Energy Bill 38

Skipped or Paid Less than Entire Home Energy Bill 39

Received Disconnect Notice 40

Received Disconnect Notice 41

Utility Service Shut Off Due to Nonpayment 42

Electric or Gas Shut Off Due to Nonpayment 43

Unable to Use Main Source Of Heat During Past Year 44

Unable to Use Main Source Of Heat During Past Year 45

Unable to Use Air Conditioner During Past Year 46

Unable to Use Air Conditioner During Past Year 47

Inability to Pay Bills Comparison of Results   2003 2008 2009 2011 2018 Number of Respondents 2,161 1,256 1,828 1,768 624 Skipped Paying or Paid Less than Entire Home Energy Bill 52% 47% 50% 49% Electricity or Gas Shut off Due to Nonpayment -- 12% 11% 15% Heating System Broken and Unable to Repair/Replace 10% 13% 20% Unable to Use Main Heat - Unable to Pay for a Fuel 8% Unable to Use Main Heat - Discontinued Utility 7% Unable to Use AC - Broken and Unable to Repair/Replace 14% 25% Unable to Use AC – Discontinued Electric 6% 5% Had to Use Candles or Lanterns Due to Lack of Lights 48

Housing problems 49

Housing Problems In the Past Five Years Moved in with Friends or Family Moved into Shelter or was Homeless 50

Housing Problems In The Past Five Years   2003 2008 2009 2011 2018 Number of Respondents 2,161 1,256 1,828 1,768 624 Moved in with Friends or Family 9% 11% 12% 14% 17% Moved into Shelter or Was Homeless 4% 3% 6% 51

Financial problems 52

Took out a Payday Loan 53

Food and Medical insecurity 54

Went without Food for at Least One Day 55

Went without Medical or Dental Care 56

Food and Medical Insecurity   2003 2008 2009 2011 2018 Number of Respondents 2,161 1,256 1,828 1,768 624 Went Without Food for At Least One Day 22% 32% 30% 24% 36% Went Without Medical or Dental Care 38% 42% 41% 37% 57

LIHEAP Receipt and impact 58

Respondent Reported LIHEAP Receipt in Past Year 59

Number of Years Received LIHEAP in Past Five Years 60

Received LIHEAP in All Five Years 61

Reports of LIHEAP Receipt   2003 2008 2009 2011 2018 Number of Respondents 2,161 1,256 1,828 1,768 624 Recalled Receipt of LIHEAP 84% 86% 93% 92% Percent That Reported They Received LIHEAP in Each of the Past Five Years 21% 26% 25% 20% 62

Problems that May Have Been Faced without LIHEAP 63

Problems that May Have Been Faced without LIHEAP   2003 2008 2009 2011 2018 Kept Home at Unsafe or Unhealthy Temperature 54% 63% 64% 65% Had Electricity or Home Heating Fuel Discontinued 48% 59% 53% 64

LIHEAP Restored Heat 65

Restored Heat Due to Shutoff Restored Heat Due to Broken Equipment LIHEAP Restored Heat   Restored Heat Due to Shutoff Restored Heat Due to Broken Equipment 2009 2011 2018 Yes 12% 10% 7% 9% No 6% 3% 5% Don’t Know <1% 1% Did Not Experience Loss of Heat/or Did Not Receive LIHEAP 81% 84% 80% 87% 86% 66

Summary 67

Key Findings Recipients face high energy costs 39% reported costs over $2,000 Recipients face high energy costs 25% kept home at an unsafe temperature 30% used stove or oven to provide heat Some actions taken could lead to injury or illness Almost half skipped or paid less than full bill 15% had electric or gas shut off in the past year Energy bill payment difficulty 68

Key Findings 17% moved in with friends or family 13% obtained payday loan Housing and Financial Problems 41% sacrificed medical care 36% went without food Medical and Food Problems 54% would keep home temp unsafe 59% would have had disconnection Many said they would have faced more problems without LIHEAP Health, resources Availability of other assistance Challenges and needs differ by vulnerable group 69

Contact Information National Energy Assistance Directors’ Association Jackie Berger, Ph.D. President and Co-Founder APPRISE 32 Nassau Street, Suite 200 Princeton, NJ 08542 609-252-8009 jackie-berger@appriseinc.org www.appriseinc.org Mark Wolfe Executive Director NEADA P.O. Box 42655 Washington, DC 20015 202-333-5915 mwolfe@neada.org www.neada.org 70