Drugs and Pain Receptors

1. Neurotransmitters communicate the message from sensory neuron to interneuron 2. Pain is felt because if the pressure passes the "pain threshold" then nociceptors are triggers. 3. prostoglandins are released when cells are damaged and these

Chemicals that cause pain cycle Tissue Damage Chemicals that cause pain cycle Release of phospholipids (cell membrane) release of arachidonic acid Reaction with Cox 2 (enzyme) reaction with Cox 1 (enzyme) inflammatory prostoglanins protective prosoglanins Dock onto nociceptors 1. cause sensory impulse to travel to brain, 2. cause heat to area, and 3. swelling to area

How Local Anesthetic Works

Analgesic - pain killers (tylenol, aspirin, etc) that act on the central nervous system

Reye's Syndrome Aspirin to children under 12, or children with a fever, can lead to Reye's syndrome. Liver stops converting ammonia into urea (toxins in blood increase) Liver and brain swells

How Cocaine impacts your neurotransmitters Cocaine blocks the recycling of dopamine (the neurotransmitter) and also blocks the receptors of the receiving neuron This will prevent the nerve impulse from having a new vesicle that is full of neurotransmitters from coming across

Drugs act on the following: 1. stop the chemical reactions that create neurotransmitters 2. empty neurotransmitters from the vesicles so that they are broken down inside the cell 3. block the vesicle from exocytosis 4. bind to the post-synpatic receptors so that the neurotransmitters can not bond to the next dentrite 5. prevent neurotransmitters from returning to the pre-synaptic neuron

responsible for much of the stimulation of muscles Neurotransmitters Acetylcholine responsible for much of the stimulation of muscles plant poisons (hemlock) block acetylcholine which causes paralysis botulin prevents vesicles in the axon terminal from releasing acetylcholine

sympathetic nervous system high alert Neurotransmitters Noradrenalin sympathetic nervous system high alert increases heart rate and blood pressure amphetamines (speed) causes the release of noradrenalin

most common neurotransmitter of the CNS Neurotransmitters Glutamate most common neurotransmitter of the CNS very important for memory neurons in the cerebrum Too much glutamate released is toxic to cells ALS (Lou Gehring's) results from excessive glutamate production