December 4, 2018 Modern Issues in the U.S. Agenda: NOTES #20: How were rights denied to Native Americans in the U.S.? CIVIL RIGHTS (PART 2) OPEN-NOTES TEST (BASED ON NOTES #s 19 and 20) NOTES-CHECK #s 16–20 TODAY

How were rights denied to Native Americans in the U.S.? Notes #20

During the 1830s, Native Americans were forcibly removed to areas west of the Mississippi River as a result of President Andrew Jackson’s policies. President Andrew Jackson (1829–1837) Trail of Tears (1838); a result of Jackson’s Indian Removal Act (of 1830)

Supreme Court Chief Justice In the 1832 case Worcester v. Georgia, the Supreme Court ruled that the U.S. could not take Indian lands, but Jackson ignored this ruling. Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall (1801 – 1835)

During the mid-1800s, Americans began settling in the West and came into conflict with Native Americans already living there, which resulted in the Indian Wars.

After originally numbering around 20 to 30 million in North America, American bison decreased to less than 1,000 by 1890

After being defeated by the U. S After being defeated by the U.S. in the Indian Wars, Native Americans were forced to live on reservations by the U.S. government.

Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania By the late 1800s, the goal of the U.S. government’s policy toward Native Americans was to destroy their tribal bonds and weaken their traditional cultural values. Students at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania 8

For example, the Dawes Act was passed in 1887 to grant farmland to Native Americans (if they gave up their cultural ways) as part of a plan to assimilate them into American culture.   

Few Native Americans accepted this deal and those that did were unable to adjust to new cultural ways.

Massacre at Wounded Knee, South Dakota (December 29, 1890); about 200 Native American women and children were killed

Since the 1930s, the U.S. has worked to give Native Americans back some of their land and grant them sovereignty. President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933–1945) Indian Reorganization Act of 1934