Unit 8: SOL Objectives WHI.8a-d Islam Unit 8: SOL Objectives WHI.8a-d

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 DJE 1. What are the major religions? 2. Why is it important to learn about them? 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 4/8/2019 What is Islam? A monotheistic religion founded by Muhammad 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Copyright 2005 Brainy Betty, Inc.

Basic Beliefs of Islam One God: (Allah= Arabic world for God Judgment Day Acceptance of prophets, including Moses and Jesus Muhammad was the last prophet by God

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Founding of Islam 570 AD Muhammad born in Mecca The Prophet Muhammad 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Founding of Islam 610 AD Muhammad was told by a vision of the angel Gabriel that he would be a prophet so he began preaching in Mecca 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Muhammad receiving the message from Gabriel 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Founding of Islam Islamic religion spread from Mecca to Medina along trade routes 622 AD: Muhammad fled to Medina because of threats to his life 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Spread of Islam from Mecca to Medina 570 AD to 622 AD 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Founding of Islam 630 AD: Muhammad returned to Mecca and was accepted 632 AD: Muhammad died in Medina 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Five Pillars As part of the Islam religion, all true Muslims must perform 5 duties: 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Affirmation of Faith The duty to recite the creed: “There is nothing worthy of worship save Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of God” 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Prayer The duty to pray to God five times each day Muslims must pray 5 times a day facing Mecca 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Almsgiving The duty to give away alms and to help the needy Gabriel showing Muhammad the importance of alms giving 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Fasting The duty to keep the fast of Ramadan. This is a month long fast from sunrise to sunset. 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Pilgrimage The duty to visit Mecca at least once in a lifetime 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Quran (Koran) Islamic Holy Book 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Holy City Mecca (Birthplace of Muhammad) 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Spread of Islamic Civilization

Islamic religion spread rapidly over great distances: Syria, Iraq, Jerusalem, Egypt, Persia, Spain, Asia Minor, Russia, and India

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Why?? Quran instructed them to spread their faith. 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Expansion 635 AD: Muslim Conquest of Damascus, Syria 637 AD: Muslim Conquest of Iraq 638 AD: Muslim Conquest of Jerusalem 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 641 AD: Muslim conquest Egypt 649 AD: Muslim conquest of Persia 718 AD: Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) mostly occupied by Muslims 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 732 AD: Battle of Tours **Muslims were defeated** and Islamic expansion into Europe stopped 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

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Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 11th Century Turks seize most of Asia Minor from Byzantine 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 13th Century Tatars conquer Russia, converted to Islam 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 1453 Fall of Constantinople to Ottoman Turks, End of Byzantine Empire 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

The Split in Islam

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Split of Islam 656 AD- two groups split over how the religious leaders should be chosen 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 SHIITE (Shi’a) Mostly in Iraq & Iran Thought leader must be related to Muhammad through his daughter Fatima & Ali 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 The 12 Imams, believed to be descendants of Muhammad’s daughter Fatima and son-in-Law Ali and the infallible true leaders of Islam. 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 SUNNI Majority of Muslims Leader should be any devout Muslim that the Muslims would accept 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Two groups fought each other; Sunni won & began the 1st Muslim Empire: 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Umayyad Empire (661- 750AD) Moved capital to Damascus, Syria (Centrally located) Conquered to the Indus River, North Africa, & Spain 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

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Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 STOP!!! **MUSLIMS ARE STOPPED IN 732 AD AT THE BATTLE OF TOURS IN FRANCE*** 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Official language= Arabic 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Abbasids vs. Umayyad Abbasids defeated Umayyad in 750 AD Built a new capital in Baghdad, Iraq 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 The non-shaded region shows the Abbasid Caliphate 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Beginning in 800 AD Islamic Empire began to break up and by 1000 AD only controlled area around Baghdad 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Islamic Civilization preserved and extended ancient Greek, Persian, and Indian Learning 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Cultural Contributions Architecture (ex: Dome of the Rock, mosques) Mosaics Arabic alphabet 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Dome of the Rock 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Mosque in Istanbul 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

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Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Islamic Mosaics 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Cultural Contributions and Achievements Universities Translation of ancient texts into Arabic 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Scientific contributions/Achievements Arabic numerals (adapted from India), including zero Medicine Expansion of geographic knowledge Algebra 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Abu al-Qasim (Abulcasis), the father of modern surgery, performed surgeries under inhalant anesthesia, invented plaster and many surgical instruments 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Medicine Al-Razi- Chief physician at hospital in Baghdad Compiled a huge medical encyclopedia, explaining diseases so doctors could tell them apart. 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Medicine Ibn Sina Scholar and doctor Wrote the textbook Canon of Medicine Used in Europe until 1650 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Mathematics Al-Khwarizmi Compiled Arabic math book Developed Algebra 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Geography Al-Idrisi Sent people to countries to study geographic features Developed more accurate maps 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005

Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005 Students in the ancient Islamic University 4/8/2019 Template copyright www.brainybetty.com 2005