Figure 1: Calibrated springs used to produce transverse forces in the rat maxilla. Springs were fabricated from 0.016” stainless steel wires (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA), with two vertical loops used to tie the spring to the maxillary first molars using 0.008” stainless steel ligature ties and composite. (A) Photograph of springs installed in the rat maxilla. (B) The springs were calibrated using a digital force gage to produce 100cN force when expanded from 4mm (left) to 6mm (right) (VL = vertical loop, SST = stainless steel tie, M1 = first molar, M2 = second molar, M3= third molar). Alikhani M, Alansari S, Al Jearah MM, Gadhavi N, Hamidaddin MA, Shembesh FA, Sangsuwon C, Nervina JM, Teixeira CC. Innovation. 2018. 1(4):e1. doi:10.30771/2018.2