Synthesis means “to put together” 2 Photosynthesis Nearly all organisms on Earth depend on energy from the Sun to survive. Autotrophs (plants) use sunlight to make Sugar. This process is called Photosynthesis. Photo means “Light” Synthesis means “to put together”

Other pigments in plants are red, orange, or yellow. 2 How does this work? Sunlight streams through the sky and runs into a plant. The green parts of a plant (mainly leaves) are green because they contain a pigment known as Chlorophyll. A pigment is any colored compound that absorbs light. Other pigments in plants are red, orange, or yellow. So, now the plant has a small amount of stored-up light energy (like a battery)

The plant only needs two more things to make sugar: 1 The plant only needs two more things to make sugar: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) & Water (H2O)

A plant pulls water out of the ground through the roots. 2 A plant pulls water out of the ground through the roots. Carbon Dioxide enters leaves through Stomata, tiny holes (like pores in your skin) on the bottom of leaves. A PLANT DOES NOT GET WATER THROUGH THE LEAVES!

Final Equation: 2 C02 + H20 + Light Glucose + O2

Why do leaves turn colors in the fall? A few Questions: Why do insects 4 A few Questions: Why do insects eat the leaves of plants? Why do leaves turn colors in the fall? Why don’t we run low on Oxygen in the winter? Why are Stomata on the bottom of leaves?

This happens through a process known as 4 ALL organisms on Earth break down glucose to get ENERGY! This happens through a process known as Even plants! Cellular Respiration (they eat the sugar after they make it)

This is the OPPOSITE of Photosynthesis. This is when a cell breaks down simple food molecules (glucose) releasing the energy they contain. Plants basically trap energy from the Sun in sugar, when you eat it, that energy escapes for you to use!

Two Stages of Respiration During respiration, cells break down simple food molecules such as sugar and release the energy they contain.

Glucose (C6H12O6) & Oxygen (O2) How does this work? Most of this process takes place in the Mitochondria. All you need is: Glucose (C6H12O6) & Oxygen (O2)

2 Final Equation: CO2 + H2O ENERGY Glucose + O2

Respiration CAN happen WITHOUT Oxygen This is a process called Fermentation. It happens much faster, but creates ALOT LESS energy. There are two kinds.

Alcoholic Fermentation 1 Alcoholic Fermentation This happens with Yeast & other single celled organisms. Alcohol is given off as a byproduct. This type of fermentation is responsible for air pockets in bread & bubbles in beer and champagne.

Lactic Acid Fermentation 2 Lactic Acid Fermentation This happens in your own muscles when your body is working so hard that you begin to run out of energy. Your body cannot get O2 to your muscles fast enough, but they still need to make energy to move. They resort to fermentation, which has to burn A LOT more sugar to make the same amount of energy (which is why we exercise). Lactic Acid builds up in our muscles, though, which causes mild damage and makes them sore. But, they rebuild themselves bigger & stronger!

Photosynthesis and Respiration You can think of photosynthesis and respiration as opposite processes.