Figure and Ground The most fundamental way we organize visual information is to divide it into a foreground and background.

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Presentation transcript:

Figure and Ground The most fundamental way we organize visual information is to divide it into a foreground and background.

simplicity The visual system selects the simplest or most likely interpretation for what we see.

closure We fill in missing elements of a visual scene, perceiving edges that are separated by gaps.

Continuity We group together edges or contours with the same orientation. So here we see two crossing lines instead of V shapes.

similarity Regions similar in color, lightness, shape, or texture are perceived as belonging to the same object.

proximity Objects that are close together tend to be grouped together.

Linear perspective Parallel lines that run away from the viewer seem to get closer together.

Texture Gradient As distance increases, a texture gradually becomes denser and less distinct.

interposition The shapes of near objects overlap those of distant ones.

Relative Size If separate objects are expected to be the same size, the larger ones are seen as closer.

Height in Plane Near objects are low in the visual field, but more distant ones are higher up.

Light and Shadow Patterns of light and dark suggest shadows that create 3D impression.

Muller-Lyer and Ponzi Illusions: Lines are actually same size. geometric illusions Muller-Lyer and Ponzi Illusions: Lines are actually same size. Poggendorff Illusion: line is actually diagonal. Zollner Illusion: lines are actually parallel.

Necker cube Penrose Stairs Is the X on the front or the back? Wil we ever reach the top?

There are 12 dots on this grid? Can you see them all at once? What color are the circles anyway?