Motion & Forces Chapter 12.

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Presentation transcript:

Motion & Forces Chapter 12

Frame of Reference All objects move relative to some reference point What classifies something as moving or not?

Motion & Position Motion- changing position Reference point - an object or group of objects that is considered to be stationary Common reference points: Earth, sun, stars Ex: When sun is used as reference point, Earth is moving

Earths Orbit It takes the Earth one year to orbit the sun Planet travels 100,000 km/hr This means that you are moving! Motion is relative b/c it depends on the reference point with which an object is compared.

Distance vs. Displacement Distance- length traveled Displacement- distance and direction from starting point to ending point P. 195

Speed How fast or slow an object moves; change in position over time Speed= distance/time Unit is m/s or km/hr Real world connection: Music BPM (p. 197)

Average Speed Total distance/ total time= average speed When would this be useful to you?

Instantaneous Speed Speed of object at one instant in time Cars speedometer measures instantaneous speed, not average speed!

Graphing Motion One way to represent an objects speed is to use distance vs. time graphs A flat line on this graph indicates that the object is not moving P. 197

12.2 Velocity & Acceleration Velocity- describes both the speed of an object and the direction of its motion *If an object is moving relative to another object that is considered to be moving relative to the earth, the velocities of the objects combine* Resultant velocity- overall velocity

Velocity Velocity in the same direction= add Velocity in the opposite direction= subtract See p. 198 Figure 12.8 Echolocation

Acceleration Velocity is constant if speed and direction stay the same Acceleration- rate of change in velocity Ex: speeding up, slowing down, changing direction Acceleration- speed increases Deceleration- slowing down, negative acceleration

Calculating Acceleration Acc. = (Final Velocity-Initial Velocity) time Positive vs. Negative Acceleration P. 200 Cheetah Connection

Graphing Acceleration A flat line on this graph represents constant speed P 201