Matter Volume is the amount of three dimensional space an object occupies. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

Basic Building Blocks of Matter An atom is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element. An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom. A compound is a substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances. Each compound is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded. Sucrose – C12H22O11 Sucrose is also known as table sugar!

Properties of Matter depend on the amount of matter that is present. Extensive properties Volume Mass Energy Content (think Calories!) Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of matter present. Melting point Boiling point Density Ability to conduct electricity Ability to transfer energy as heat

Physical properties Characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. Melting point Boiling point

Chemical Properties Relates to a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances. Chemical reactivity Combusts or Rusts

Comparison of Physical and Chemical Properties

Physical Change Example: Phase Changes (Change of State): A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance. Example: Phase Changes (Change of State): “A change of a substance from one state of matter to another.”

Phase Differences Solid – definite volume and shape; particles packed in fixed positions. Liquid – definite volume but indefinite shape; particles close together but not in fixed positions. Gas – neither definite volume nor definite shape; particles are at great distances from one another. Plasma – high temperature, atoms lose most of their electrons (fluorescent).

Low Temperature = Low energy High Temperature = High energy Heat can be used to change the state of matter.

The arrow always points to the products!! Chemical Change or Chemical Reaction A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances. Reactants – the substance that react, usually on the left side of the reaction Products – the substance that are formed, usually on the right side of the reaction C2H5OH + 3 O2  2 CO2 + 3 H2O + Energy Reactants  Products The arrow always points to the products!!

Evidence of a Chemical Change