new business models and opportunities The case of the maker movement David Langley david.langley@tno.nl 8th European Innovation Summit European Parliament, Brussels, 16 November 2016 Joint Institute For Innovation Policy Annual Symposium: The Effect Of Digitisation On Society

If you don’t like it, don’t just complain If you don’t like it, don’t just complain. Offer real alternatives and compete!

Contents The MAKE-IT project Opportunities and threats of the Maker Movement Economic impact Social impact Implications for Innovation Policy

Multidisciplinary research into the Maker Movement

About MAKE-IT January 2016 – December 2017 Partner Organizations:

From bits to atoms

Het MAKE-IT project: focus CAPS: Collective awareness platforms

About MAKE-IT Case studies of ten maker initiatives Innovation Action Research

What is the role of digitization in the Maker Movement? Free access to high-tech design and production facilities Collaborative technologies Sensor networks: becoming more aware of the environment and our effect on it Making data comprehensible Leading to: Realization that a different production paradigm is possible Change towards responsible behaviour Citizen participation, creativity and empowerment Political / economic change?

Will the Maker Movement succeed where the Arts and Crafts movement failed? Evgeny Morozov: The Arts and Crafts movement failed Too much time on “rag-rugs, baskets, and . . . exhibitions of work chiefly by amateurs” No political dimension demanding equality Spirit of labor reform became simply D.I.Y. tinkering We observe anti-establishment culture in the Maker Movement Parallels with Donald Trump’s election, European anti-EU Sentiment like Brexit Basis is sharing Citizens in control Rejection of neo-liberal capitalism: Trickle-down turns out to be trickle-up E.g. FabLab Zagreb wants to move away from university Will Makers push for political and legal reforms? Transparency and decentralization of power – and data Diametrically opposite to TTIP

Economic impact: The Maker Mindset Sharing economy Sharing knowledge, designs, components, Tension between sharing and commercialization Sharing sensor data Who uses what? Who is responsible for pollution? Everything as a service

Environmental impact of the Maker Movement Circular economy Recycling Design for repair Let value flow (not be hoarded) Everything as a service Producer remains owner Onus on producer: To make efficient use of raw materials To design for repair To produce durable components

Implications for Innovation Policy Great boost of skills and competences needed ICT, design, technology Discourage ownership and hoarding Stimulate business models based on usage and sharing, e.g. pay-per-use Who owns the usage data? What (or who) is the product? What is the European alternative to US advertising model?