1/22 Topic: Enduring Issues Essay Aim: How do I write an Enduring Issues Essay Do Now: Take the Handouts & Hand In Your Westward Expansion Project (make sure your name is on it)

Background Information This new essay will be based upon documents and students knowledge of history. No scaffolding questions. An enduring issue is one the that survives across time and has a significant influence on people or regions or time periods.

Guidelines for Part 3 Construction You will receive a series of documents from different units. Inclusion of common enduring issues to be found across document set. More than one enduring issue to be found within each document. You will need to add outside information.

Doc #1 13th amendment Slavery Why the South needed slaves Plantations Civil War Source:  1855 - Slave Auction Poster, New Orleans, Louisiana

Doc #2 Natives Americans losing land Land Rushes (Oklahoma) Put on reservations Example of a tribe having their land taken (Sioux, Nez Perce) Life of a farmers Life of a Cowboy (Longhorns) Source: 1911 United States Department of the Interior advertisement offering 'Indian Land for Sale'. The man pictured is a Yankton Sioux named Not Afraid Of Pawnee.

Doc #3B Pratt – In favor of the Dawes Act “…give me 300 young Indians and a place in one of our best communities and let me prove it is easy to give Indian youth the English language, education, and industries that it is imperative they have in preparation for citizenship.”  - Henry Richard Pratt   "If the Great Spirit had desired me to be a white man he would have made me so in the first place. He put in your heart certain wishes and plans; in my heart he put other and different desires. Each man is good in the sight of the Great Spirit. It is not necessary, that eagles should be crows."                                   Sitting Bull Source:  Quotes Pertaining to the Dawes Act and Americanization of Native Americans Pratt – In favor of the Dawes Act Sitting Bull – Against the Dawes Act Explain the Dawes Act & the impact on their culture

Doc #3A Explain the Dawes Act Homestead Act Government taking Indian land You can also use information from the last doc. That you didn’t use.   Source: Cartoon by Marty Two Bulls Depicting the Impact of the Dawes Act

Doc #4 Barbers. No colored barber shall serve as a barber (to) white girls or women (Georgia). Blind Wards. The board of trustees shall...maintain a separate building...on separate ground for the admission, care, instruction, and support of all blind persons of the colored or black race (Louisiana). Burial. The officer in charge shall not bury, or allow to be buried, any colored persons upon ground set apart or used for the burial of white persons (Georgia). Buses.All passenger stations in this state operated by any motor transportation company shall have separate waiting rooms or space and separate ticket windows for the white and colored races (Alabama). Child Custody. It shall be unlawful for any parent, relative, or other white person in this State, having the control or custody of any white child, by right of guardianship, natural or acquired, or otherwise, to dispose of, give or surrender such white child permanently into the custody, control, maintenance, or support, of a negro (South Carolina). Education.The schools for white children and the schools for negro children shall be conducted separately (Florida). Libraries. The state librarian is directed to fit up and maintain a separate place for the use of the colored people who may come to the library for the purpose of reading books or periodicals (North Carolina). Mental Hospitals. The Board of Control shall see that proper and distinct apartments are arranged for said patients, so that in no case shall Negroes and white persons be together (Georgia). Source:  List of Jim Crow Laws from Various States

Doc #4 Explain the Jim Crow Laws Segregation Describe African American facilities compared to white facilities. Plessy V. Ferguson Civil Rights Movement – Sit Ins, Boycotts, Marches, etc. . . .

Doc #5 Voting Restrictions Poll Tax, Literacy Test, Grandfather Clause Source:  1876 Cartoon Comparing the African American Citizen to Irish Immigrants Voting Restrictions Poll Tax, Literacy Test, Grandfather Clause KKK Nativists Ignorant (uneducated) Their equal but both are discriminated against

Doc #6 Against women voting Suffrage 19th amendment Source:  1915 Anti-Suffrage Poster Against women voting Suffrage 19th amendment The role of women at this time Suffragists (NWSA)

Identify the enduring issue raised by this set of documents. Conflict - war, competition, armed struggle, resistance, invasions, power struggles, disputes over socio-economic status, disputes over who has power, ethnic disputes, religious disputes, disputes between social classes, debates over choice of reform needed, negative reaction to reform; response to lack of reform Human Rights Violations - injustice, inequality, discrimination, exclusion, unfair treatment, cruel treatment, persecution for beliefs, threats to cultural identity, restrictions to movement, enslavement, lack of freedom of speech, lack of freedom of assembly, censorship, genocide, denied access to earning a living

Identify the enduring issue raised by this set of documents. Power - lack of access to power, unfair distribution of power, shifts in power and authority, power struggles, relationship of ruler to ruled, social class tensions, ability of the people to have a voice in government , shifts in the balance of power, access to free and fair elections, lack of free and fair elections Tensions Between Traditional Culture and Modernization - loss of cultural identity, loss of language, loss of traditional beliefs, traditional gender roles versus modern gender roles, disputes over gender roles, ethnic tensions, religious identity, debate over definition of modernization, difficulty of maintaining traditions in a time of change

Identify the enduring issue raised by this set of documents. Impact of Cultural Diffusion - loss of/threats to cultural identity, loss of/threats to unique language(s), loss of traditional beliefs, conflict, debate over change, challenge of imported technology, debate over value of accepting a new idea, debate over value of accepting a new philosophy, debate over value of accepting a new religion, benefits of improved transportation, challenges of improved transportation, benefits of new ideas, unintended consequences of embracing new ideas Tensions Between Traditional Culture and Modernization - loss of cultural identity, loss of language, loss of traditional beliefs, traditional gender roles versus modern gender roles, disputes over gender roles, ethnic tensions, religious identity, debate over definition of modernization, difficulty of maintaining traditions in a time of change

Identify the enduring issue raised by this set of documents. *Look at ‘Enduring Issue Reference Sheet’ for more details* Check at least one Conflict Human Rights Violations Tensions Between Traditional Culture and Modernization Impact of Cultural Diffusion Power

Guidelines for Part 3 Construction Enduring Issue Essay An enduring issue is an issue that exists across time.  It is one that many societies have attempted to address with varying degrees of success.   Task: Identify and define an enduring issue raised by this set of documents. Using your knowledge of social studies and evidence from the documents, argue why the issue you selected is significant and how it has endured across time.   Be sure to: Identify the issue based on a historically accurate interpretation of three documents. Define the issue using evidence from at least THREE documents Argue that this is a significant issue that has endured by showing: How the issue has affected people or been affected by people How the issue has continued to be an issue or changed over time Include outside information from your knowledge of social studies and evidence from the documents.

Paragraph #1 Paragraph #1 - Define the issue using evidence from at least 3 of the documents. - Topic Sentence -Define/explain the issue using evidence from your first document followed by O.I. - Transitional Sentence - Define/explain the issue using evidence from your second document followed by O.I. - Define/explain the issue using evidence from your third document followed by O.I. - Concluding Sentence

Now Fill in Paragraph 1 Fill in your enduring issue Pick 3 Documents Documents should relate to the issue Documents that you have O.I. for Documents that you can write about in paragraph 3 Fill in paragraph 1 on your out line sheet Look at the outline sheet to make sure you understand.

Paragraph #2 Paragraph #2 - Argue that this is a significant issue that has endured by showing how this issue has affected people or been affected by people. - Topic Sentence Explain how this issue has affected people or been affected by people based on your first doc. followed by O.I. Transition Explain how this issue has affected people or been affected by people based on your second doc. followed by O.I. Explain how this issue has affected people or been affected by people based on your third doc. followed by O.I. - Concluding Sentence

Now Fill in Paragraph 2 Fill in the 3 Documents from paragraph 1 Fill in paragraph 2 on your out line sheet Look at the outline sheet to make sure you understand.

Paragraph 3 Paragraph #3 - Argue that this is a significant issue that has endured by showing how this issue has continued to be an issue or changed over time. You can discuss current events or what is going on in the world today, if it relates. Topic Sentence Explain how this issue has continued to be an issue or changed over time. Use outside information to support your argument. Concluding Sentence