Valentin R. Zhelyaskov, Ph.D., Suyi Liu, Mark P. Broderick

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Analysis of nanoliter samples of electrolytes using a flow-through microfluorometer Valentin R. Zhelyaskov, Ph.D., Suyi Liu, Mark P. Broderick Kidney International Volume 57, Issue 4, Pages 1764-1769 (April 2000) DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00022.x Copyright © 2000 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Diagram of the NANOFLO™ flow-through microfluorometer, which is capable of measuring nanoliter samples. The excitation source is a stand-alone metal-halide lamp (Tri-Lite™; WPI, Inc.). The infusion/withdrawal syringe pump is SP210iw (WPI, Inc.). The principle of operation is explained in text. Kidney International 2000 57, 1764-1769DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00022.x) Copyright © 2000 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Detection of Na+ in nanoliter samples using NANOFLO™ and a reagent based on the sodium green dye (details are in the text). (A) Fluorescent trace showing the increase in the fluorescence of the dye caused by five subsequent 12 nanoliter injections of 160, 80, 40, 20, and 10 mmol/L NaCl. (B) Calibration curve based on the data in panel A. y = 2.2501x + 5.2333; r = 0.9998. Kidney International 2000 57, 1764-1769DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00022.x) Copyright © 2000 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Detection of Ca2+ in nanoliter samples using NANOFLO™ and a reagent based on the dye Fluo-3 (details are in the text). (A) Fluorescent trace showing the increase in the fluorescence of the dye caused by four subsequent 12 nL injections of (a) calibrating Ca2+ solutions (1 mmol/L Mg2+ present) and (b) calibrating Mg2+ solutions. (B) Calibration curves (a) and (b) are based on the data in (a) and (b) in panel A, respectively. Symbols are: (♦) Ca2+ (1 mmol/L Mg2+); (▪) Mg2+. y = 540.8x + 155.5, r = 0.9964. Kidney International 2000 57, 1764-1769DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00022.x) Copyright © 2000 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Detection of Cl- in nanoliter samples using NANOFLO™ and a reagent based on the lucigenin dye (details are in the text). (A) Fluorescent trace showing the decrease in the fluorescence of the dye caused by five subsequent 12 nL injections of calibrating Cl- solutions. (B) Stern-Volmer calibration curve based on the data in (A). y = 0.0025x + 1.0008; r = 1. Kidney International 2000 57, 1764-1769DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00022.x) Copyright © 2000 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions