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Presentation transcript:

OCR GCSE Computing © Hodder Education 2013 Slide 1 Chapter 6: Internet OCR GCSE Computing © Hodder Education 2013 Slide 1

OCR GCSE Computing © Hodder Education 2013 Slide 2 Chapter 6: Internet The internet is: A worldwide network of networks. Linked by a common set of protocols (TCP/IP). Used by billions. Supports many applications such as the world wide web; instant messaging; file transfer; email. Reliable because of redundancy. Many alternative routes available from A to B. OCR GCSE Computing © Hodder Education 2013 Slide 2

OCR GCSE Computing © Hodder Education 2013 Slide 3 Chapter 6: Internet Digital and analogue Computers use digital signals. Many internet connections are via the Plain Old Telephone System (POTS). Many telephone systems use analogue signals. This requires a modem (modulator / demodulator) to do the conversion. This is not needed if a digital link is used. OCR GCSE Computing © Hodder Education 2013 Slide 3

OCR GCSE Computing © Hodder Education 2013 Slide 4 Chapter 6: Internet Bandwidth is the difference between the upper and lower frequencies in a set of carrier signals. it is often taken to mean the rate of data transmission in a network. Broadband means a channel carries many frequencies. This means that it has bigger data carrying capacity than narrow band. >4Mbit/sec is considered to be broadband OCR GCSE Computing © Hodder Education 2013 Slide 4

OCR GCSE Computing © Hodder Education 2013 Slide 5 Chapter 6: Internet ADSL asymmetric digital subscriber line; uses spare capacity on POTS; more bandwidth in the down direction than in the up direction; most users download more than they send. Cable Subscribers to cable TV can access the internet via a cable modem. OCR GCSE Computing © Hodder Education 2013 Slide 5

OCR GCSE Computing © Hodder Education 2013 Slide 6 Chapter 6: Internet Router A router is a device that connects networks. It selectively passes data between networks. They are at the heart of the internet. They guide data packets to their destination. ADSL modems often have router functionality built in for home networking. OCR GCSE Computing © Hodder Education 2013 Slide 6

OCR GCSE Computing © Hodder Education 2013 Slide 7 Chapter 6: Internet IP addressing Every node on the internet has an IP (internet protocol) address. Just like any network, an IPv4 address it is made from four 8- bit numbers, e.g. 192.168.0.1. Private networks have their own IP addresses. The router that connects a network to the internet has an IP address. DNS servers change domain names, such as OCR.org.uk, to IP addresses. OCR GCSE Computing © Hodder Education 2013 Slide 7

OCR GCSE Computing © Hodder Education 2013 Slide 8 Chapter 6: Internet HTML is Hypertext Markup Language. A way of adding tags to text. Tells browsers how to display text. Incorporates many extra features to allow tables, links, images and applications to be embedded in a web page. Supports scripting languages such as JavaScript. XML (Extensible Markup Language) is an open standard for encoding documents which supports Unicode. OCR GCSE Computing © Hodder Education 2013 Slide 8

OCR GCSE Computing © Hodder Education 2013 Slide 9 Chapter 6: Internet Standards Many standards have evolved to make files interchangeable on the internet. Standard Use JPG Compressed images GIF Compressed small images PDF Documents MP3 Music MPG Movies OCR GCSE Computing © Hodder Education 2013 Slide 9

OCR GCSE Computing © Hodder Education 2013 Slide 10 Chapter 6: Internet Compression Many files take too long to download because they are too big, e.g. pictures, movies and music. They have to be compressed in order to reduce download times. Lossy compression This reduces file size by removing data. The data cannot be recovered later. The data removed is chosen to have minimal effect. Lossless compression This keeps all the data. It allows reconstruction of the original file. OCR GCSE Computing © Hodder Education 2013 Slide 10

OCR GCSE Computing © Hodder Education 2013 Slide 11 Chapter 6: Internet Compression Lossy compression An image of Coney island The original is 1.3MB and it has been compressed to 324KB OCR GCSE Computing © Hodder Education 2013 Slide 11