Concepts of Motion Readings: Chapter 1.

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Presentation transcript:

Concepts of Motion Readings: Chapter 1

Displacement - vector Velocity - vector Acceleration – vector

Different types of motion

1 sec 2 sec 3 sec 4 sec 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec 4 sec 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec 4 sec What is the difference between these motions? How can we characterize these motions?

How can we characterize the motion? 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec 4 sec The first step: PARTICLE MODEL – MOTION DIAGRAM We consider object as a single point without size or shape, disregard internal motion of the object.

How can we characterize the motion? 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec 4 sec Origin (x=0) 10 cm 20 cm 40 cm 70 cm x The second step: POSITION OF THE OBJECT (POINT) – COORDIANTE SYSTEM - DISPLACEMENT We introduce coordinate system: for motion along a line - only x (which means that y=0); for a motion in a plane – x and y.

Different origins – different coordinates Physical meaning – displacement - 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec 4 sec Origin (x=0) 10 cm 20 cm 40 cm 70 cm x Origin (x=0) -40 cm -30 cm -10 cm 20 cm x

Displacement O (origin) - initial position of the object If O is an origin then vector characterizes initial position of the object - final position of the object O (origin) Vector characterizes the final position of the object Vector is a displacement (final position minus initial position – does not depend on coordinate system) Standard notation for displacement is

Displacement O (origin) Displacement does not depend on coordinate system

Displacement Displacement is a vector, it does not depend on coordinate system

How can we characterize the motion? The first step: PARTICLE MODEL – MOTION DIAGRAM The second step: POSITION OF THE OBJECT (POINT) – DISPLACEMENT The third step: (AVERAGE) VELOCITY 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec 4 sec Average velocity is a vector: For a motion along the line – direction of velocity is along the line and the magnitude Origin (x=0) 10 cm 20 cm 40 cm 70 cm x

AVERAGE VELOCITY The magnitude of velocity (vector) is called speed Example: We know initial position of the object (in some coordinate system) - We know the average velocity of the object during time Then: What is the final position of the object?

How can we characterize the motion? The first step: PARTICLE MODEL – MOTION DIAGRAM The second step: POSITION OF THE OBJECT (POINT) – DISPLACEMENT The third step: (AVERAGE) VELOCITY The forth step: (AVERAGE) ACCELERATION Origin (x=0) 10 cm 20 cm 40 cm 70 cm x The change in position is characterized by average velocity, The change in velocity is characterized by average acceleration

How can we characterize the motion? The first step: PARTICLE MODEL – MOTION DIAGRAM The second step: POSITION OF THE OBJECT (POINT) – DISPLACEMENT The third step: (AVERAGE) VELOCITY The forth step: (AVERAGE) ACCELERATION

Acceleration is the change of velocity (speed can be the same)

1 sec 2 sec 3 sec 4 sec Velocity is the same – zero acceleration

Velocity is increasing –acceleration has the same direction as velocity 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec 4 sec Velocity is decreasing –acceleration has the opposite direction 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec 4 sec

What is the difference between these motions? 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec 4 sec 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec 4 sec 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec 4 sec

SI units Units of velocity: Basic Units: Time – seconds (s) Length – meters (m) Mass – kilogram (kg) Units of acceleration: