5.2.2 Work/Energy Principle

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Presentation transcript:

5.2.2 Work/Energy Principle Work in / Work out 5.2.2 Work/Energy Principle

Definitions – Types of Energy potential energy: STORED ENERGY can be in a FIELD or DEVICE gravitational PE is stored in gravitational fields elastic PE is stored in elastic objects (springs)

Climber has gained gravitational potential energy PEg because he is high up

PEs depends on the stretch of springs Climber has gained gravitational potential energy PEg because he is high up PEs depends on the stretch of springs Greatest PEs Least PEs

Example #1 – Gravitational PE A 30 kilogram object is positioned 2.0 meters above the surface of the Earth. What is the gravitational potential energy of the object? ΔPE = mgΔh ΔPE = (30 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(2.0 m) ΔPE = 588.6 J 30 kg 2.0 m

Example #2 – Elastic PE The length of a spring with a spring constant of 100 newtons per meter is changed by 4.0 centimeters. What is the elastic potential energy stored in the spring? 10 cm 14 cm

Example #2 – Elastic PE The length of a spring with a spring constant of 100 newtons per meter is changed by 4.0 centimeters. What is the elastic potential energy stored in the spring? PES = ½ kx2 (1) Convert cm to m 10 cm 14 cm

Example #2 – Elastic PE The length of a spring with a spring constant of 100 newtons per meter is changed by 4.0 centimeters. What is the elastic potential energy stored in the spring? PES = ½ kx2 PES = ½ (100 N/m)(0.04 m)2 PES = 0.08 J 10 cm 14 cm

Definitions – Types of Energy kinetic energy: ENERGY OF MOVING OBJECTS depends on mass and velocity

Example #3 – Kinetic Energy A 5.0 kilogram toy car is moving at 2.0 meters per second. What is the kinetic energy of the toy car?

Example #3 – Kinetic Energy A 5.0 kilogram toy car is moving at 2.0 meters per second. What is the kinetic energy of the toy car? KE = ½ mv2 KE = ½ (5.0 kg)(2.0 m/s)2 KE = 10 J

Definitions – Types of Energy internal energy: TEMPERATURE/HEAT This heating can occur due to FRICTION

Work/Energy Principle When work is done ‘on a system’ there is a net gain of one or more types of energy by that system. Energy types can change within a system. if “h” increases Gravitational PE if “x” increases Elastic PE WORK if “v” increases Kinetic Energy if temp. increases Internal Energy

Work/Energy Principle – Scenario #1 A car is moving along a flat surface with an increasing speed. What type(s) of energy are changing? PEg PES KE Q

Work/Energy Principle – Scenario #1 A car is moving along a flat surface with an increasing speed. What type(s) of energy are changing? PEg PES KE Q X X ↑ ?

Work/Energy Principle – Scenario #2 A car is moving up an incline with constant speed. What type(s) of energy are changing? PEg PES KE Q

↑ Increase ↓ Decrease X Remain the Same ? Cannot determine BEFORE viewing the next slide, attempt to determine how the types of energy is changing ↑ Increase ↓ Decrease X Remain the Same ? Cannot determine

Work/Energy Principle – Scenario #2 A car is moving up an incline with constant speed. What type(s) of energy are changing? PEg PES KE Q ↑ X X ?

Work/Energy Principle – Scenario #3 A car is applying its brakes and slowing down as it moves down a slope. What type(s) of energy are changing? PEg PES KE Q

↑ Increase ↓ Decrease X Remain the Same ? Cannot determine BEFORE viewing the next slide, attempt to determine how the types of energy is changing ↑ Increase ↓ Decrease X Remain the Same ? Cannot determine

Work/Energy Principle – Scenario #3 A car is applying its brakes and slowing down as it moves down a slope. What type(s) of energy are changing? PEg PES KE Q ↓ X ↓ ↑

Work/Energy Principle – Scenario #4 A cart is moving on a flat surface toward a wall and is stopped by a spring on its front. What type(s) of energy are changing? PEg PES KE Q

↑ Increase ↓ Decrease X Remain the Same ? Cannot determine BEFORE viewing the next slide, attempt to determine how the types of energy is changing ↑ Increase ↓ Decrease X Remain the Same ? Cannot determine

Work/Energy Principle – Scenario #4 A cart is moving on a flat surface toward a wall and is stopped by a spring on its front. What type(s) of energy are changing? PEg PES KE Q X ↑ ↓ ?

Work/Energy Principle – Scenario #5 A rocket flies upward with an increasing velocity [ignore air resistance]. What type(s) of energy are changing? PEg PES KE Q

↑ Increase ↓ Decrease X Remain the Same ? Cannot determine BEFORE viewing the next slide, attempt to determine how the types of energy is changing ↑ Increase ↓ Decrease X Remain the Same ? Cannot determine

Work/Energy Principle – Scenario #5 A rocket flies upward with an increasing velocity [ignore air resistance]. What type(s) of energy are changing? PEg PES KE Q ↑ X ↑ X

End of 3.2.2 - PRACTICE

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