Volume 376, Issue 9748, Pages (October 2010)

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Volume 376, Issue 9748, Pages 1225-1232 (October 2010) Oral sucrose as an analgesic drug for procedural pain in newborn infants: a randomised controlled trial Dr Rebeccah Slater, PhD, Laura Cornelissen, MSci, Lorenzo Fabrizi, PhD, Debbie Patten, BSc, Jan Yoxen, BSc, Alan Worley, MSc, Stewart Boyd, MD, Judith Meek, MBBS, Prof Maria Fitzgerald, PhD The Lancet Volume 376, Issue 9748, Pages 1225-1232 (October 2010) DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61303-7 Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Experimental time line EEG=electroencephalography. EMG=electromyography. The Lancet 2010 376, 1225-1232DOI: (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61303-7) Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Trial profile EEG=electroencephalography. PIPP=premature infant pain profile. EMG=electromyography. The Lancet 2010 376, 1225-1232DOI: (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61303-7) Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Characterisation of the nociceptive-specific brain activity (A) and effect of sucrose or sterile water on the nociceptive-specific brain activity (B) (A) Average waveform of the group data after (i) noxious heel lance and (ii) non-noxious control stimulus (alignment window 400–750 ms). (iii) Mean (SE) weight of the second principal component after the noxious heel lance and non-noxious control stimulus (*p=0·006). (B) Average waveform of the group data after the noxious heel lance, separated into two groups: (i) infants administered sucrose and (ii) infants administered sterile water (alignment window 400–750 ms). (iii) Mean (SE) weight of the nociceptive-specific component in the sucrose and sterile water groups (p=0·46). The Lancet 2010 376, 1225-1232DOI: (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61303-7) Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Characterisation of the spinal nociceptive reflex withdrawal activity (A) and effect of sucrose or sterile water on spinal nociceptive reflex withdrawal activity (B) (A) Example spinal reflex withdrawal activity in one infant after: (i) noxious heel lance and (ii) non-noxious control stimulus. (iii) Magnitude (mean [SE]) of the spinal reflex withdrawal activity after noxious heel lance and non-noxious control stimulus represented as the root mean square (RMS) activity in 250 ms time periods in infants. (iv) Mean (SE) spinal reflex withdrawal activity in infants after the noxious heel lance and non-noxious control stimulus (*p<0·0001). (B) Example spinal nociceptive reflex withdrawal activity after a noxious heel lance in two infants who received: (i) sucrose and (ii) sterile water. (iii) Magnitude (mean [SE]) of the spinal nociceptive reflex withdrawal activity after noxious heel lance in infants given sucrose or sterile water represented as the RMS activity in 250 ms time periods. (iv) Mean (SE) spinal nociceptive reflex withdrawal activity in infants given sucrose or sterile water (p=0·49). The Lancet 2010 376, 1225-1232DOI: (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61303-7) Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions