Negative Punishment - Time Out and Response Cost Chapter 17 Negative Punishment - Time Out and Response Cost

Time Out 1. Following the problem behavior 2. The child is removed from the reinforcing environment for a brief period of time 3. The problem behavior decreases in the future

Types of Time Out Exclusionary Nonexclusionary

Using Time Out 1. Start with a functional assessment and implement functional/nonaversive treatments first 2. Make sure the ‘time-in’ environment is reinforcing 3. Reinforce desirable behaviors 4. When the problem behavior occurs, take the child to the time-out area immediately 5. Provide no attention when taking the child to time-out 6. Time-out must be brief, practical, and safe 7. Provide no attention or other reinforcers during time-out 8. Prevent escape from time-out 9. Child must be calm before release from time out 10. Time-out must be acceptable to parents or other change agents before using the procedure

Response Cost 1. Following the problem behavior 2. A specified amount of a reinforcer is removed or lost 3. The problem behavior decreases in the future

Using Response Cost 1. Conduct a functional assessment and first implement functional/nonaversive treatments 2. Reinforce desirable behaviors 3. Identify the reinforcer to be lost 4. Decide if the loss if permanent or temporary 5. Contingent on the problem, implement response cost immediately if possible 6. Symbolize the reinforcer loss if it is not immediate 7. Consider ethical issues regarding the loss of some reinforcers 8. Response cost must be practical and acceptable

Comparing Extinction, Time Out and Response Cost Extinction - The reinforcer for the problem behavior is no longer contingent on the behavior Time Out - The person is removed from all sources of reinforcement or from the reinforcing environment contingent on the problem behavior Response Cost - Contingent on the problem behavior a reinforcer is removed, but not the reinforcer for the problem behavior