Spectroscopy and Stationary States

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Presentation transcript:

Spectroscopy and Stationary States

Spectroscopy Prism Single Slit Diffraction: Bending of light as it passes between areas of different optical density Incandescent Light Bulb Continuous Spectrum (5 colors shown for clarity) “White Light” Source

Hydrogen Spectroscopy + HIGH VOLTAGE - HIGH VOLTAGE Prism Single Slit Hydrogen Glow Discharge Tube 656.3 nm 486.1 nm 434.0 nm Why Not A Continuous Spectrum??? 410.1 nm Hydrogen Line Emission Spectrum Emission Spectra: Bright lines of color separated by regions of total darkness.

Spectroscopy Why not the same lines as hydrogen??? Single Slit Prism Helium Glow Discharge Tube Helium Line Emission Spectrum Emission Spectra: Bright lines of color separated by regions of total darkness.

Line Spectrum: Identifying a Pattern Johannes Rydberg (1845 – 1919) Rydberg Equation: n12 1 ( n22 1 ) 1  = R - R: Rydberg Constant. R = 1.096766  107 m-1 ...n1 and n2 are integers Found a mathematical pattern in the hydrogen emission line spectrum. ...n2 > n1.

Rydberg Equation: Hydrogen Atom Calculate the wavelength in nanometers of the line having n1=2 and n2=4. Rydberg Equation: For Hydrogen Visible Spectrum: 1  R - n12 ( n22 ) = n1 = 2 n2 = 3, 4, 5, 6, etc 22 1 ( 42 1 ) 1  = - 1.096766  107m-1 1  = 1.096766  107m-1  (0.1875) 1  = 2056436.25 m-1  = 4.8627810-7m = 486.278 nm