Deterministic and Semantically Organized Network Topology

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Deterministic and Semantically Organized Network Topology HyperCuP – A Scalable and Ontology-Based Peer-to-Peer Infrastructure for Semantic Web Services Mario Schlosser1, Michael Sintek1,2, Stefan Decker1, Wolfgang Nejdl1,3 + Semantic Service Web Peer-to-Peer Networks Large network of service providers capable of instantiating high-level task descriptions in a distributed fashion Task description to be broadcasted among possibly interesting service providers Services classified by global service ontology Decentralized, real-time, immediate Best fit for dynamic service networks Evolution of current Gnutella-style (power-law) networks Poor scalability to large number of nodes Incomplete search without guarantees Long search times Vulnerable against malicious attacks Deterministic and Semantically Organized Network Topology Optimal broadcast on hypercube topology Hypercubes: A Deterministic P2P Topology Interesting topology properties Logarithmic diameter – bounded search times Vertex symmetry – load balancing over nodes Fault tolerance – protection against attacks Efficient search and broadcast algorithms Optimal broadcast, one message per peer Shortest path routing to any peer 1 Network Topology Distributed Topology Construction Properties Decentralized: No central servers, no super peers Message and time complexity: Logarithmic to number of peers in the network Self-healing: Recovery from node failures Algorithm Always implicitly maintain topology of next biggest hypercube in node connections Remaining nodes cover positions of departing nodes based on deterministic buffering scheme Arriving nodes are able to join via any peer in the network and take over position(s) in the hypercube Joining peer 2 Current covering scheme Storage and concept coordinates address peer: Storage coordinates {0,1,0}, concept coordinates {0,1,0} Topology Construction Current network topology Concept coordinates address sub-hypercube: Coordinates {0,1,0} denote support of concept B Ontology-based Network Shaping Concept-driven peer clustering Hypercube network is decomposed into concept clusters, containing peers associated with a particular combination of ontology concepts supported by those peers Concept clusters are sub-hypercubes of top hypercube Addressing scheme: Ontology concept coordinates represent logical conjunction of supported concepts, storage coordinates allow for multiple peers per cluster Algorithms Shortest-path routing on ontology coordinates Flooding optimal broadcast on storage coordinates to reach all peers in concept sub-hypercubes Restricted optimal broadcast on ontology coordinates and logic minimization to answer queries consisting of conjunctions and disjunctions of ontology concepts Scales to millions of peers while allowing for complex queries and providing search guarantees at optimal routing behavior 3 Ontology- Based Routing Service Ontology + is-a Example structuring ontology is-a B SellTickets A BuyTickets is-a C SellAirlineTickets P2P.SemanticWeb.org 1Stanford University, 2On leave from DFKI, Germany 3On leave from University of Hannover, Germany