D.McK Ciombor, Ph.D., R.K Aaron, M.D., S Wang, M.D., B Simon, Ph.D.

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Modification of osteoarthritis by pulsed electromagnetic field—a morphological study D.McK Ciombor, Ph.D., R.K Aaron, M.D., S Wang, M.D., B Simon, Ph.D. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Volume 11, Issue 6, Pages 455-462 (June 2003) DOI: 10.1016/S1063-4584(03)00083-9

Fig. 1 Gross appearance of cartilage lesions stained with India ink. Arrows indicate cartilage lesions. (A) Control, untreated. (B) PEMF-treated. Lesions from untreated tibial plateaus are approximately 1–5mm in diameter. When present, lesions in PEMF-treated tibias were smaller and superficial. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2003 11, 455-462DOI: (10.1016/S1063-4584(03)00083-9)

Fig. 2 Histochemical staining of the medial plateau with safranin-O. Examples of control, untreated cartilage (A, mild; B, average; C, severe). Examples of PEMF-treated cartilage (D, mild; E, average; F, severe). Extensive fibrillation and cleft formation to the calcified zone were evident in many control tibias. Complete loss of cartilage and exposure of subchondral bone were commonly observed. No specimens in the PEMF-treated group demonstrated clefts below the transitional zone (4× magnification). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2003 11, 455-462DOI: (10.1016/S1063-4584(03)00083-9)

Fig. 3 Histological/histochemical grade. Mean grade of control tibias was 11.7±0.3 compared with 3.5±0.7 of PEMF-treated cartilage (P=0.0001). These grades reflect preservation of cartilage morphology in the PEMF-treated group. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2003 11, 455-462DOI: (10.1016/S1063-4584(03)00083-9)

Fig. 4 Immunohistochemistry of the medial plateau for cartilage neoepitopes reflecting aggrecan cleavage. 3B3(−): (A) control, untreated; (B) PEMF-treated. BC-13: (A) control, untreated; (B) PEMF-treated. Immunoreactivity in the extracellular matrix is evident in the untreated controls, but not seen in PEMF-treated cartilage. In addition, there were no immunopositive cells in the PEMF-treated group (10× magnification). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2003 11, 455-462DOI: (10.1016/S1063-4584(03)00083-9)

Fig. 5 Immunohistochemistry of the lateral plateau for the matrix-degrading enzymes, stromelysin (MMP-3), and collagenase (MMP-13). MMP-3: (A) control, untreated; (B) PEMF-treated. MMP-13: (C) control, untreated; (D) PEMF-treated. Fewer immunopositive cells were observed in the PEMF-treated specimens (10× magnification). Quantitated data are presented in Table I. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2003 11, 455-462DOI: (10.1016/S1063-4584(03)00083-9)

Fig. 6 Immunohistochemistry of the lateral plateau for cytokines. IL-1: (A) control, untreated; (B) PEMF-treated. IRAP: (C) control, untreated; (D) PEMF-treated. TGFβ: (E) control, untreated; (F) PEMF-treated. A reduction in the number of cells immunoreactive to IL-1 and an increase in the number of cells immunoreactive to IRAP and TGFβ were observed in PEMF-treated cartilage (10× magnification). Quantitated data are presented in Table I. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2003 11, 455-462DOI: (10.1016/S1063-4584(03)00083-9)