Absence of Distinguishing Senescence Traits in Human Melanocytic Nevi

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Absence of Distinguishing Senescence Traits in Human Melanocytic Nevi Sieu L. Tran, Sebastian Haferkamp, Lyndee L. Scurr, Kavitha Gowrishankar, Therese M. Becker, Chitra Desilva, John F. Thompson, Richard A. Scolyer, Richard F. Kefford, Helen Rizos Journal of Investigative Dermatology Volume 132, Issue 9, Pages 2226-2234 (September 2012) DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.126 Copyright © 2012 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Senescence program induced by oncogenic B-RAFV600E in cultured human melanocytes. (a) Human melanocytes were infected with lentiviruses carrying B-RAFV600E or control vector. The efficiency of transduction was controlled with the co-expression of copGFP and was consistently above 90%. Cell proliferation (Ki67) and chromatin condensation (4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)) were analyzed and quantified 5 days after infection of melanocytes. Cells enlarged to show DAPI-stained chromatin foci are indicated with arrows. LM, light microscopy. (b–d) Representative examples of chromatin condensation (DAPI) in human epidermal melanocytes expressing B-RAFV600E (day 5) and staining for (b) H3K9Me, (c) γ-H2AX, and (d) PML. (e) Expression of the indicated proteins was determined by western blot analysis after infection of melanocytes with lentiviruses expressing copGFP (-) or B-RAFV600E (+). Transduced B-RAFV600E (MYC tagged) was detected using the MYC antibody. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2012 132, 2226-2234DOI: (10.1038/jid.2012.126) Copyright © 2012 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Expression of senescence markers in human nevi and melanoma. (Left) Paraffin-embedded sections of human nevi and metastatic melanomas were subjected to dual-fluorescence immunohistochemistry with the indicated antibodies. The pan-melanoma cocktail (antibodies against HMB45, MART1, and tyrosinase (green)) was used to identify melanocytes. Representative examples of nevi and metastatic melanomas demonstrating Ki67, p16INK4a, γ-H2AX, PML, H3K9Me, and p53 staining are shown (red). Nuclei were stained with 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (blue). Bar=20μm. (Right) Scatter plot analysis showing the percentage of cells scoring positive for each marker in nevi, metastatic melanoma tissue, and in individual melanocytes scattered along the epidermal–dermal junction in adjacent normal skin. The horizontal bar indicates the median expression values in nevi and melanoma samples. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2012 132, 2226-2234DOI: (10.1038/jid.2012.126) Copyright © 2012 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 p16INK4a expression in melanocytic tumors. Tissue microarray results of p16INK4a staining in 20 nevi and 21 primary melanomas. Scatter plot analysis showing the percentage of cells positive for p16INK4a. The horizontal bar indicates the median expression values. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2012 132, 2226-2234DOI: (10.1038/jid.2012.126) Copyright © 2012 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Increased nuclear size is not apparent in senescent cultured melanocytes or nevi. (a) Human melanocytes transduced with control vector, wild-type B-RAF, or B-RAFV600E were stained with 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) 5 days post transduction. Average nuclear area was determined using the Image J software and is shown as histograms, which correspond to the mean and standard deviation of at least two independent transduction experiments. The number of cells analyzed (n) are also indicated. (b) Nuclear area of DAPI-stained epidermal melanocytes, nevus cells, and metastatic melanoma cells, from paraffin-embedded sections, was determined using the Image J software. The average nuclear area is shown as histograms, which correspond to the mean±SD derived from 13, 17, and 5 independent sections, respectively. Total number of cells analyzed (n) is indicated. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2012 132, 2226-2234DOI: (10.1038/jid.2012.126) Copyright © 2012 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Human nevi and melanomas display increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity. Sequential frozen sections of human nevi and metastatic melanomas were subjected to immunohistochemistry with antibodies against HMB45/MART1/tyrosinase (red) to identify melanocytes and SA-β-gal staining. 4′-6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) co-staining was used to identify nuclei. Cases 2 and 9 stained positive for SA-β-gal expression. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2012 132, 2226-2234DOI: (10.1038/jid.2012.126) Copyright © 2012 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions