Minerals and the Environment Chapter 27 Minerals and the Environment
How Mineral Deposits Are Formed Ore Deposits – formed when metals are concentrated in anomalously high amounts by geological processes Mineral resources are usually extracted from ore deposits
Resources and Reserves Minerals are classified as: 1. Mineral Resources Elements, chemical compounds, minerals or rocks that can be extracted to obtain a usable commodity 1. Mineral Reserves The portion of the resource that is identified and from which usable materials can be legally and economically extracted at the time of evaluation
Availability of Mineral Resources When the availability of a mineral becomes limited, there are 4 possible solutions: 1. Find more sources 2. Recycle and reuse what has already been obtained 3. Reduce consumption 4. Find a substitute
Impacts of Mineral Development Environmental Impacts Depends on many factors – mining procedures, climate, rock type, etc. Social Impacts Increased demand for housing and services in mining areas
Minimizing Environmental Impact of Mineral Development Environmental regulations at the federal, state and local levels On-site and off-site treatment of waste Practicing the 3 R’s of waste management
Minerals and Sustainability R-to-C Ratio A measure of the time available for finding the solutions to depletion of nonrenewable resources R = known reserves C = rate of consumption