Do Now: Many Enlightenment philosophers used reason to reinforce traditional beliefs strengthen religious authority reveal natural laws encourage censorship The writings of the Enlightenment philosophers in Europe encouraged later political revolution with their support of socialism imperialism the natural rights of man the divine right monarchies

Aim: Describe the cause and effect of King Louis XVI’s death. September 30,2016 & October 6,2016

FRANCE AT WAR Rumors began to spread that supporters of the King, planned to break the King and his family out of prison so that they could escape France. When French citizens heard this rumor, they decided to go to every prison and murder all of the prisoners. By the end of the invasion, the French people killed over 1,000 prisoners in the prisons. Many of the prisoners who had died were the rich nobles, priests from the clergy and people who supported the King. The Legislative Assembly decided to take all power away from the king, get rid of the assembly and create a NEW legislature (part of government). This new legislature was called the NATIONAL CONVENTION. This new government COMPLETELY got rid of the monarchy and made France a Republic. Adult male citizens were given the right to vote and be a part of the government.

France At War

The Jacobins Take Control The people who created the new French Government (The National Convention) were called JACOBINS. Jacobins were radicals who wanted to COMPLETELY get rid of the Monarchy (King or Queen). The Jacobins wanted to put anyone who supported the King to death. The Jacobins decided to accuse King Louis XVI of treason. The new government (The National Assembly) found King Louis XVI guilty and demanded he was put to DEATH!!! On January 21, 1793, the king walked up to the beheading machine called the GUILLOTINE and was executed. Right after the King was killed, France won the Battle of Vinny by defeating Prussia and Austria. However, a few months later, Great Britain, Holland, and Spain joined the war and defeated the French in many battles. The new government, the National Convention decided to recruit as many men as possible. France now had an army of 800,000 men!

Jacobins Take Control

The Terror Grips France The Jacobins had thousands of enemies within France. Peasants, priests and anyone else who feared the new government and did not agree with how they were using their power. One Jacobin leader, Maximiien Robespierre gained power and wanted to get rid of any history of a monarchy. They even made a new calendar that eliminated SUNDAY!! The Jacobins didn’t want religion to be a big part of life anymore. Robespierre governed France as a dictator. This period of time became known as the Reign of Terror. The section of government that was supposed to keep public safety, found anyone who looked like an enemy, accused them of treason, and executed them with the guillotine. An example of someone who was executed was: an 18-year-old boy who cut down a tree that had been planted as a symbol of liberty. About 40,000 people were executed during the Reign of Terror. About 85% were poor or middle class people.

The Terror Grips France

End of the Terror: In July 1794, members of the National Convention feared for their safety and had Maximilien Robespierre arrested and executed. The French people feared that a dictator would lead the country again so the Moderate Leaders in the National Convention created a new plan for government. The new plan for government let upper middle class people have power and a two house legislature and an executive body of five men known as the Directory. They made Napoleon Bonaparte the new general to command France’s armies.

Exit Ticket: What were 2 main ideas of todays lesson? 1. 2.