Why do you think people explore new places? http://www.solarnavigator.net/compass.htm whywhywhywhywhywhywhywhywhywhywhywhywhywhywhywhy Why do you think people explore new places?

What you will be able to do after this chapter: I can identify the key figures of French and British exploration and settlement of North America I can describe the social and economic factors of European imperialism I can identify how European imperialism impacted the social and economic structures of Aboriginal societies http://timesupblog.blogspot.com/2010/11/because-i-can.html

European Explorers French & British Explorers 1400’s-1500’s Chapter 2

Disruption of European Trade Routes http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/medieval.html

What Were Europeans Seeking? Disruption of trade routes with Asia drove up the price of silk & spices Europeans felt that in finding a new route they could secure a supply of goods & make lots of money

How Did Technology Help European Exploration? Europeans needed to find a sea route to Asia since land routes were too dangerous to travel Sea travel also had many risks, it was slow, hard to steer, they could get lost, ship wrecked or have bad weather 1400’s ships were designed to be better & faster Navigational instruments also developed- compasses for direction and an ‘astrolabe’ to estimate location using sun & the stars http://www.puzzlering.net/astrolabe.html

Portuguese Found Route to Asia around the Cape of Good Hope http://www.matchc.com/maps/africa.html

Why Did Europeans Arrive in Canada? Columbus (Italian) thought that he could sail west to find Asia Spain sponsored Columbus. He landed in the Caribbean which led to the exploration of Central & South America Spain's success in the west, other countries raced to explore the area north of the Caribbean Italians were the most experienced sailors in Europe Britain had Giovanni Caboto sail for them in 1497 ‘John Cabot’ claimed Newfoundland for Britain This led to fishing for cod off of what is now Eastern Canada http://csmh.pbworks.com/w/page/7309497/1492%20-%20Christopher%20Columbus http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/john-cabot.htm

Economic vs. Social Imperialism Imperialism (pg. 45) – a policy (decision) on the part of a ruler or government of one territory to dominate other territories Economic Imperialism – When they are taking over/dominating anything having to do with business or money Social Imperialism - Think society… taking over anything that would socially impact a group

Contact With First Nations http://firstpeoplesofcanada.com/fp_furtrade/fp_furtrade1.html

Trade With the Mi’kmaq After Caboto ( late 1400’s), the Mi’kmaq came into regular contact with Europeans fishing off the east coast Trade between the two groups was advantageous for both Europeans & First Nations Europeans thought that furs along with cod could help them make money Mi’kmaq traded for metal goods because they were useful & durable

Tragedy of Beothuk Beothuk, tribe of Newfoundland Did not establish friendly relations with Europeans Camps & settlements interfered with traditional fishing areas & conflict over equipment More British settlers arrived & pushed the Beothuk out In the early 1800’s British tried to become friendly with Beothuk 1823 Shawnadivit (Nancy) captured by British trappers William Cormack recorded Nancy's life she died of tuberculosis in 1829 The tribe was completely wiped out

Shawnadivit http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=ArchivedFeatures

Tuberculosis Taken from dictionary.com Also called consumption… An infectious disease that may affect almost any tissue of the body, especially the lungs http://homepage.usask.ca/~trn186/pth205/path.html

Explorers in Canada French Explorers

Jacques Cartier 1534, King of France sponsored Jacques Cartier to find a route through North America to Asia Cartier first encountered the Mi’kmaq June 24, 1534 He also recorded encounters with Stadacona near the Gaspe Peninsula During the winter Cartier’s crew grew sick with scurvy Stadacona’s gave them a cure, a tea rich in vitamin C Tried to take some people from Stadecona back home, but they had no immunity to European diseases… they died http://www.uppercanadahistory.ca/finna/finna1.html

Scurvy Taken from dictionary.com A disease marked by swollen and bleeding gums, livid spots on the skin… due to a diet lacking vitamin C http://www.bigdeadplace.com/scurvyawareness.html

Cartier’s First Voyage http://www.canadiana.ca/hbc/_popups/PAMcartiermap_e.htm http://hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca/phillie/SocialStudies/Atlantic/jacques_cartier.htm

Cartier’s Other Voyages http://www.aungst.org/aae-wp/explorers/jacques-cartier/

Turn to page 55 in your textbook!!! http://www.superstock.com/stock-photos-images/1792-62790 Turn to page 55 in your textbook!!! Would this be considered economic or social imperialism?

http://virtualology.com/SAMUELDECHAMPLAIN.COM/ http://www.pbs.org/empireofthebay/maps/champlain.html Samuel de Champlain 1603 Champlain retraced Cartier's routes & explored the St. Lawrence River 1604 he returned to establish the first French colony in North America, Port Royal in Acadia 1608, he established a settlement: Quebec City From Quebec City, he traveled further into the interior of North America He was known as The Father of New France Made very accurate maps useful to later explorers Referred to the First Nations as savages

Champlain’s Map http://www.canadahistory.com/sections/eras/2worldsmeet/champlain/champlain.htm

La Salle http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Salle_Expeditions French explorer went down the Mississippi river to The Gulf of Mexico La Salle claimed a huge area between the Great Lakes & Gulf of Mexico for France

La Salle’s Map http://www.sonofthesouth.net/texas/la-salle.htm

European Explorers

Martin Frobisher 1576 left for the arctic loaded with goods for Asia Returned with what he thought was gold It was ‘iron pyrite’ (Fools Gold) He mined the arctic but never found gold http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/hist/frobisher/frsub05e.shtml http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/hist/frobisher/fr57602e.shtml

Henry Hudson 1610 found a Northwest passage between Europe & Asia http://www.ianchadwick.com/hudson/hudson_03.htm 1610 found a Northwest passage between Europe & Asia 1611 his ship got trapped in the ice in Hudson's Bay Crew got sick & were starving His crew rebelled against Hudson’s further exploration plans Hudson was abandoned in a small boat & died

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Hudson_Map_26.png

La Verendrye Born in New France Was a soldier & farmer, then an explorer Traveled West of Great lakes to find a route to Asia He built forts along the way to establish French control of the expanding fur trade

La Verendrye http://www.examiner.com/sightseeing-in-billings/early-explorers-of-montana

Matonabbee Leader of Dene Suline Traveled with British explorer Samuel Hearne to find a passage to Asia west of the great lakes http://nativeamericanencyclopedia.com/matonabbee/

Alexander Mackenzie British explorer First European to reach Canada's West coast by traveling across land http://bcgrizzlytours.com/index.asp?p=102 http://historical-archives.com/historical-archives.com/statemaps/canada/index.html

Alexander Mackenzie’s Route West http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/001500.html

Turn to page 66-7 in your textbook. Ewwwwww http://www.ric.edu/faculty/rpotter/franklinsites.html