CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY Step X Step Detail of Procedures The Who….. The What….. The How….. Step X Step Detail of Procedures

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY REMEMBER the problem statement? The Methodology tells exactly what you going to do to solve the problem? The scientific method to address the solution to your problem statement. a. A detailed description of how the problem will be solved… I. Why: Validity of your work ii. The reliability of your work…

The Scientific Method of the Methodology Always remember the problem statement: It is the focal point of what you are doing. How are you scientifically going to attempt to solve this problem. What are you going to do? Restate exactly what you are going to do: A. The purpose of this study is to describe body composition in grossly overweight summa wrestlers. B. The purpose of this study is to examine differences in body composition after a 12 week fitness for life program in summa wrestlers.

Questions to ask? Types of Methods… Descriptive Experimental Qualitative Creative Analytical Do I want to describe the “who” of this study doing something? Do I want to see if my “experiment” or intervention works. Do I want to or do I want to have my “who” interpret an experience. Do I want to examine the “creative” process? Do I want to analyze some condition, some experience, using a specific historical or philosophical approach?

Specific RESEARCH Method Terminology What are the different types of methods and which matches what you want to do? Am I describing the “who” of this study doing something? Descriptive Experimental Qualitative Creative Analytical Problem Statement: . The purpose of this study is to describe body composition in grossly overweight summa wrestlers Am I doing an “experiment” or intervention works. Problem Statement: The purpose of this study is to examine differences in body composition after a 12 week fitness for life program of summa wrestlers.

The Method of Solving the Problem Who ??? What ??? HOW ??? Problem Statement: . The purpose of this study is to describe body composition in grossly overweight summa wrestlers DESCRIPTIVE Problem Statement: The purpose of this study is to examine differences in body composition after a 12 week fitness for life program. EXPERIMENTAL

DESIGN of PROBLEM SOLUTION: “Who” will be involved? (Subjects/Participants) Select Subjects or participants Who will you choose? Age Group, Gender, Obesity level (body composition) Problem Statement: The purpose of this study is to examine differences in body composition after a 12 week fitness for life program. EXPERIMENTAL Problem Statement: . The purpose of this study is to describe body composition in grossly overweight summa wrestlers DESCRIPTIVE

Procedures… Problem Statement: . The purpose of this study is to describe body composition in grossly overweight summa wrestlers DESCRIPTIVE “What” exactly are you going to do to your subjects? In What order? “What” instruments do you need to do the study? Problem Statement: The purpose of this study is to examine differences in body composition after a 12 week fitness for life program. EXPERIMENTAL

Procedures “What” exactly are you going to do to your subjects? In What order? A. Some sort of test or pretest to capture where they are… (Descriptive Information) i. Test (Pretest) them with hydrostatic weighing or skin fold calipers. (This is a specific instrument that does a specific thing…which you will describe …and then describe how you will collect data) Problem Statement: . The purpose of this study is to describe body composition in grossly overweight summa wrestlers DESCRIPTIVE PROCEDURES STOP HERE!!!! Problem Statement: The purpose of this study is to examine differences in body composition after a 12 week fitness for life program. EXPERIMENTAL --CONTINUE…

Problem Statement: The purpose of this study is to examine differences in body composition after a 12 week fitness for life program. EXPERIMENTAL -CONTINUED Procedures… What exactly are you going to do to your subjects? (Procedures/ instruments and interventions?) a. Pretest them with hydrostatic weighing. (This is a specific instrument that does a specific thing…which you will describe and describe how you will collect data) b. Put them on a 12 week fitness program, which we describe in detail. (Your program must be described in detail with support data that you have a pretty good idea why it should work) c. Post Test them to see if they are now lean and mean. (Redo the hydrostatic weighing and collect data).

Procedures “What” instruments do you need to do the study? Skin Fold Calipers Hydrostatic Weighing Problem Statement: . The purpose of this study is to describe body composition in grossly overweight summa wrestlers DESCRIPTIVE Problem Statement: The purpose of this study is to examine differences in body composition after a 12 week fitness for life program. EXPERIMENTAL

Research Design… THE HOW… how to set up design to analyze the data?

Pretest-Posttest Randomized Groups Design R O1 T O2 R O3 O4 Determines the amount of change produced by the treatment. Threatens internal validity of testing. Controlled by O1 to O2 and O3 to O4

1. PARTICIPANTS List total number and number assigned to each experimental condition. List percentage of lost subjects Gender Age Informed consent Other consents - human subjects and so forth

2. APPARATUS Identify apparatus and describe its function List model, company, & so forth Standard laboratory equipment usually mentioned without detail

Identify specialized equipment obtained from commercial supplier BY Model number and supplier’s name and location. WHY?

Use a drawing of photograph to illustrate complex or customized or custom made equipment.

3. Testing Instruments: State test name, author(s), date. Explain the test construct, theoretical background. List and explain the test’s validity and reliability.

4. PROCEDURES Detailed instructions to participants Administration of tests Timing of study Step by step process from beginning to end.

Describe randomization, counterbalancing, and other control features in the design.

5. DESIGN AND ANALYSIS Identify design type Identify statistical technique Justify use of statistical technique if there is question about appropriateness. List independent and dependent variables.

A) What is a dependent variable? The result or yield of the study. Give an example:

B) What is an independent variable? The variable that is manipulated. Give an example...

Identify assumptions of statistical. technique and evaluation of Identify assumptions of statistical technique and evaluation of assumptions. Identify probability level