Integrated research framework, bounded by population and ecology of care axes running from highly selected to managed care populations (Y-axis) and from.

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Figure 2 Electromechanical properties of OIHPs

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Figure 6 Selected examples of TERS applications in material systems

Bland–Altman plot of projected apnoea threshold of measurement 1 versus 2. a) Rebreathing (R) method (n=20); b) steady-state (SS) method (n=18). Bland–Altman.

Measured values of a) inspiratory volume, b) PEEP, c) FIO2 and d) respiratory rate delivered to a test lung by several devices in four intensive care units.

Radiology images of surgical conditions/congenital anomalies

Axial magnetic resonance (MR) imaging

Rigid instruments for medical thoracoscopy: a) trocar and cannula with valve; b) single-incision thoracoscope (9-mm diameter); c) biopsy forceps with straight.

Computed tomography simulation of medical thoracoscopy with rigid instruments (right thoracic cavity in left lateral position). Computed tomography simulation.

The values for the provoking dose of mannitol to cause a 15% decrease (PD15) in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) showing the different levels of.

Decision tree of the FALLS protocol.

A) Predicted TLCO in i) 4859 males and ii) 4851 females), b) alveolar volume (VA) (standard temperature and pressure, dry) in i) 4793 males and ii) 4837.

Bland–Altman plot of slopes of measurement 1 versus 2

Studies have shown that classical efficacy RCTs exclude about 90% for a) asthma and 95% for b) COPD routine care populations due to strict inclusion and.

Bland–Altman comparison of lung clearance index (LCI) from multiple breath wash-out following open and modified closed circuit wash-in for both healthy.

In chronic haemorrhage a) several pigmented macrophages fill the alveoli with dense fibrosis of the interstitium; b) the haemosiderin pigment in macrophages.

Effect of treatment with bronchial thermoplasty at different temperature on airway responsiveness to methacholine (MCh) and airway pathology in dogs. a)

The effect of sequential addition of sildenafil to first-line epoprostenol on exercise capacity measured using 6-min walk distance (6MWD) in the PACES.

Chest radiograph suggestive of pneumomediastinum (air outlining the mediastinal structures) and subcutaneous emphysema in the area of the left axilla,

Flowchart showing the requirement for starting, documenting and evaluating the effect on quality of life (QoL) of interdisciplinary best supportive care.

Variable life adjusted display (VLAD chart) showing observed versus expected mortability with cumulative lives lost below the x-axis and cumulative lives.

A) Coronal reconstruction of chest CT angiography images showing marked hypodensity of the left upper lobe. b) Coronal reconstruction of maximum intensity.

Preprocedure patient ranking of aspects of their care important for obtaining satisfaction with their colonoscopy experience (1=high, 15=low for importance)

Integration of prognostic screening tool and development of supportive care intervention using rapid-cycle ‘Plan-Do-Study-Act’ (PDSA) methodology. Integration.

Risk of bias summary for Cochrane review comparing pMDI and spacer to nebulisers to deliver β2-agonists to adults and children with acute asthma. Risk.

Forest plot showing the number of adults (at the top) and children (lower down) who were admitted to hospital after treatment in the emergency department.

Distribution of percentage compliance during the intervention period for Sch-I and Sch-V. Distribution of percentage compliance during the intervention.

Simplified model of cardiorespiratory control showing coupling between respiratory and cardiovascular systems. τ: circulatory delay; ILV: instantaneous.

Extent of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients with systemic sclerosis-associated ILD. A simple stratification that utilises pulmonary function.

Axial CT scans of the chest. a) Before treatment

Asthma phenotypes identified using cluster analysis plotted according to their relative expression of symptoms and inflammation. Asthma phenotypes identified.

Least squares (LS) mean change from baseline (95% CI) in trough forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) according to exacerbation history (intent-to-treat.

Chest radiograph images

Effect of fibrinolysis on the empyema cavity size after VATS and open surgery. Effect of fibrinolysis on the empyema cavity size after VATS and open surgery.

Control computed tomography of the nodular lesion in the right upper lobe after 3 months. a) Axial mediastinal window, b) axial lung window and c) coronal.

Risk assessment and treat-to-target approach for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Risk assessment and treat-to-target approach for pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Relationship between exercise mPAP and cardiac output.

3-year survival of lung cancer patients in the general population and in those with a prior diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

A family-based pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programme enhanced the coping resources of the families of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

Evaluation of cognitive performance based on the ability to copy a simple drawing. Evaluation of cognitive performance based on the ability to copy a simple.

A) Total Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) score over 12 months after treatment with bronchial thermoplasty (BT) in the per protocol population.

A)Standardised mortality ratios for chronic bronchitis in men and women (1968–1978) and b) infant mortality from bronchitis and pneumonia per 1000 births.

Roles and functions of α1-AT in lungs of a) individuals with normal levels of protein, b) patients with deficient or null mutations, and c) patients with.

A) Plain radiograph shows micronodular lesions throughout both lungs, which are more prominent in the upper and middle zones. b) High-resolution CT scans.

Run chart showing the number of specimens submitted during the study period. Run chart showing the number of specimens submitted during the study period.

A) Measurement of the right atrial a) area and b) long axis for calculation of right atrial volume. c) Measurement of the left ventricular eccentricity.

Severe exacerbations and emergency department (ED) visits in the 5 years after bronchial thermoplasty (BT). a) Proportion of subjects with severe exacerbations.

Proportion of patients in each World Health Organization functional class (WHO-FC) at the time of pulmonary arterial hypertension-associated systemic sclerosis.

Study design. *More frequent heartburn defined as 6 or more days of heartburn during the run-in period. †Less frequent heartburn defined as fewer than.

Distribution of total possible savings (y-axis), showing how much total saving there would be if only those over £x per practice per month (x-axis) were.

Exposure to intermittent hypoxia after 13 nights led to an increase in sympathetic activity measured by muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). Exposure.

Relationship between a) forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of forced vital capacity (FVC) (FEF25–75%) and b) forced expiratory flow at 75% of FVC (FEF75%)

The linear decrease in TLCO as the accessible VA decreases is associated with an exponential increase in KCO. For instance, TLCO decreases ∼25% while KCO.

Bland–Altman comparison of functional residual capacity (FRC) measured from multiple breath wash-out following open and modified closed circuit wash-in.

A) Annual diagnosed incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE), and b) annual full incidence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) per 100 000.

Lung function adjusted for body length and gestational age in male and female premature infants. Lung function adjusted for body length and gestational.

Correlation between inspiratory capacity (IC)/total lung capacity (TLC) ratio and oxygen pulse at peak exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Survival rates in older (>65 years) compared with younger (18–65 years) patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. a) Expected ( )

The association between small airway function, indicated by FEF25–75, and ambient ozone concentrations (previous day) in 158 asthmatic children participating.

The European population from 1950 to 2050, with estimated population before 2006 (light background) and projected population (dark background). The European.

Risk ratio (RR) and number needed to treat (NNT) are time-dependent measures. a) When an intervention is associated with constant relative risk reduction.

Bench test setting for automatic continuous positive airway pressure (APAP) devices. a) System to simulate the breathing pattern and airway obstructions.

24-h blood pressure profile after a, d) one night of intermittent hypoxia (IH) exposure, b, e) 13 nights IH exposure and c, f) 5 days after cessation of.

A) Chest radiograph of a 37-year-old male mountaineer with high-altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE) showing a patchy to confluent distribution of oedema,

Interventional bronchoscopic and surgical treatments for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Interventional bronchoscopic and surgical treatments.

Mean change from baseline in percentage predicted forced vital capacity (FVC) in the a) phase III CAPACITY [27] and b) ASCEND [14] studies. #: n=174; ¶:

Baseline New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA FC) predicts survival in patients with pulmonary hypertension using infused epoprostenol therapy.

The grading system illustrated by photographic images of the larynx showing the different grades of laryngeal obstruction at the glottic and supraglottic.

Comparison of heart failure admissions rates per annum (recorded hospital admissions/ population at risk) in western developed countries 1978 to.

Correlation between leg fluid volume (LFV) displacement measured by electrical impedance and apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) in non-obese obstructive sleep.

Effect of placebo (n=88) and bosentan (n=80) on the co-primary end-point pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in the EARLY (Endothelial Antagonist Trial.

Presentation transcript:

Integrated research framework, bounded by population and ecology of care axes running from highly selected to managed care populations (Y-axis) and from highly interventional to observational study design approaches (X-axis). Integrated research framework, bounded by population and ecology of care axes running from highly selected to managed care populations (Y-axis) and from highly interventional to observational study design approaches (X-axis). Adapted from [10] with permission from the publisher. David Price et al. Breathe 2015;11:26-38 ©2015 by European Respiratory Society