Early Cold War, Truman, & Eisenhower ( ) 1945—1960

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American History Chapter 15 Section 2

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Early Cold War, Truman, & Eisenhower (1945-1960) 1945—1960 Chapters 31 & 33— PART 2 OF 5 Early Cold War, Truman, & Eisenhower (1945-1960) 1945—1960

Berlin Airlift West Berlin- capitalist and democratic. East Berlin- communist. Many Germans fled to West Berlin at the end of WWII. Josef Stalin blockaded the city. Supplies brought in by plane. Stalin lifted the blockade in May of 1949.

Berlin Airlift

Berlin Airlift INFOGRAPHIC

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization— Association of democratic peace-loving states which defended Western Europe from Communist aggression. Collective security provided mutual military assistance since “an armed attack against one or more of them…shall be considered an attack against them all.”

NATO

Warsaw Pact Warsaw Pact— In 1955, the Soviet Union formed a military alliance with its satellite nations in Eastern Europe except for Yugoslavia. The Soviet Union used the satellite nations a s buffer in case of an attack from the Western Capitalist nations if Europe.

NATO v. Warsaw Pact

What Will Happen to Postwar Europe? COMPARING VIEWPOINTS What Will Happen to Postwar Europe?

“The Cold War” (p. 1) 1. How did United States leaders respond to the threat of Soviet expansion in Europe following the end of World War II? United States leaders developed new policies and alliances to actively contain the advance of communism around the world.

Communists Gain Control of China The Korean War Communists Gain Control of China Main Idea: Americans were shocked when communists won the Civil War in China and greatly expanded communist control in the world. Americans Fight in Korea Main Idea: After communist-controlled North Korea invaded South Korea, the United States sent military aid to South Korea, which ultimately resulted in a stalemate.

The Korean War Has Lasting Effects Main Idea: President Eisenhower’s threat of nuclear weapons convinced the communists to sign a cease-fire, but there was no clear victory in the war. 12

Civil War in China Jiang Jieshi (Chaing Kai-shek) – Leader of Nationalist government who fought communist forces prior to and following the end of WWII. Lost the civil war in 1948 against Mao Zedong and set up a free Chinese republic on the island of Taiwan.

Civil War in China Mao Zedong – Leader of the Communist rebels who promised to “feed the people” and set up a communist government. Defeated Jiang in 1948, with Jiang fleeing to Taiwan. Established the communist nation of the People’s Republic of China.