Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 14 (UBP14) Is Involved in Root Responses to Phosphate Deficiency in Arabidopsis  Li Wen-Feng , Perry Paula J. , Prafulla Nulu N. , Schmidt Wolfgang   Molecular Plant  Volume 3, Issue 1, Pages 212-223 (January 2010) DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssp086 Copyright © 2010 The Authors. All rights reserved. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Effect of Pi Supply on Root Hair Formation of Wild-Type and per1 Mutant Plants. Confocal micrographs of wild-type (A, B) and per1 (C, D) roots grown under control (A, C) and low Pi conditions (B, D). In per1 roots, root hairs fail to elongate under low Pi conditions. (E–H) Cross-sections from wild-type (E, F) and per1 (G, H) roots of control (E, G) and low Pi plants (F, H). Under low Pi conditions, root hairs are formed in ectopic positions, namely over tangential wall of underlying cortical cells. Plants were analyzed 14 d after sowing. Scale bar  =  75 μm. Molecular Plant 2010 3, 212-223DOI: (10.1093/mp/ssp086) Copyright © 2010 The Authors. All rights reserved. Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Root Phenotype of the per1 Mutant and per1–UBP14 Plants. Confocal micrographs of per1 roots grown on control media (A–C), low Pi media (D), and on Pi-free media containing the phosphate analog phosphite (E). (A–C) Primary root of per1 plants grown on control media; arrows indicate a cluster of irregular, short epidermal cells (A) longitudinal cell division (B) and ectopic root hairs interspersed in non-hair cell files (C). (D) Compilation of confocal pictures of the primary root of a per1 plant grown on low Pi media. (F, G) Pi-sufficient (F) and Pi-deficient (G) per1 plants complemented with the wild-type sequence of UBP14 (per1–UBP14). Plants were analyzed 14 d after sowing. Note the wild-type-like marked difference in longitudinal cell length between atrichoblasts (at) and trichoblasts (t) in per1–UBP14 plants. Scale bars: I  =  150 μm, others  =  75 μm. Molecular Plant 2010 3, 212-223DOI: (10.1093/mp/ssp086) Copyright © 2010 The Authors. All rights reserved. Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 The PER1 Mutation Affects the Abundance of UBP14 Protein, But Not the Overall Protein Pattern. (A) SDS–PAGE of crude protein extracts from leaves and roots of the wild-type and of per1 plants. (B) Western analysis with anti-UBP14 antibodies. (C) Quantification of Western analysis based on two independent experiments. Error bars represent SE. Molecular Plant 2010 3, 212-223DOI: (10.1093/mp/ssp086) Copyright © 2010 The Authors. All rights reserved. Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Root Hair Length and Longitudinal Cell Length of Root Epidermal Cells of Col-0 and per1 Plants. (A) Root hair length of wild-type, per1, and per1–UBP14 plants grown on control and low Pi media. Bars represent the average of 100 root hairs from five roots. (B) Longitudinal length of root epidermal cells. Bars indicate the average of 200 cells of primary roots, measured 2–6 mm from the quiescent center. Error bars indicate standard error of the means. Plants were analyzed 14 d after sowing. Molecular Plant 2010 3, 212-223DOI: (10.1093/mp/ssp086) Copyright © 2010 The Authors. All rights reserved. Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Reciprocal Grafting between the Wild-Type and per1 Mutant Plants. Scion/rootstock combinations were wt/wt (A, D) wt/per1 (B, E), and per1/wt (C, F). Pictures show root tips (D–F) and the root hair zone between 2 and 6 mm from the tip (A–C). Plants were grafted after 9 d of growth on control media, then transferred to Pi-free media and analyzed 16 d after sowing. Molecular Plant 2010 3, 212-223DOI: (10.1093/mp/ssp086) Copyright © 2010 The Authors. All rights reserved. Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Light-Induced Inhibition of Root Hair Elongation. Effect of 70 μmol−1 s−1 on root hair elongation in roots of control wt plants (A), control per1 plants (B), and low Pi per1 plants (C). Plants were analyzed 10 d after sowing. Scale bars  =  150 μm. Molecular Plant 2010 3, 212-223DOI: (10.1093/mp/ssp086) Copyright © 2010 The Authors. All rights reserved. Terms and Conditions

Figure 7 Specificity of the per1 Phenotype. Effect of Mn (A, B) and Fe (C, D) starvation on the wild-type (A, C) and per1 (C, D) root phenotype. (E) Quantification of root hair length under Mn and Fe-deficient conditions. Root hair length was normalized to that of the wild-type under the respective conditions. Mn-deficient plants were analyzed 7 d after sowing, Fe-deficient plants were transferred at day 8 to media deprived of iron and analyzed 6 d after transfer. Scale bars  =  75 μm. Molecular Plant 2010 3, 212-223DOI: (10.1093/mp/ssp086) Copyright © 2010 The Authors. All rights reserved. Terms and Conditions

Figure 8 Analysis of Mineral Ion Concentration of Roots and Shoots from Control and Pi-Deficient Plants. (A) Macronutrients. (B) Micronutrients. Control plants were grown on media containing 2.5 mM Pi. Plants were analyzed 14 d after sowing. R, roots; S, shoots. Molecular Plant 2010 3, 212-223DOI: (10.1093/mp/ssp086) Copyright © 2010 The Authors. All rights reserved. Terms and Conditions