MASA ROTUNDĂ CALCULUS AND FREE WILL IN THE ECONOMIC DECISION Investeşte în oameni! FONDUL SOCIAL EUROPEAN Programul Operaţional Sectorial Dezvoltarea Resurselor Umane 2007 – 2013 Axa prioritară nr. 1 „Educaţia şi formarea profesională în sprijinul creşterii economice şi dezvoltării societăţii bazate pe cunoaştere” Domeniul major de intervenţie 1.5 „Programe doctorale şi post-doctorale în sprijinul cercetării” Titlul proiectului: ,,Rute de excelenţă academică în cercetarea doctorală şi post-doctorală – READ” Academia Română - operator de date cu caracter personal nr. 17207 în scopul declarat "derulare programe post-doctorale” Beneficiar: ACADEMIA ROMÂNĂ Contract nr. POSDRU/159/1.5/S/137926 Rute de excelență academică în cercetarea doctorală și post-doctorală - READ ȘCOALA DE VARĂ Provocările cercetării academice de excelență - Sinaia, 25-29 mai 2015 - MASA ROTUNDĂ CALCULUS AND FREE WILL IN THE ECONOMIC DECISION Referent: Emil Dinga 12.04.2019

E.Dinga - Calculus and free will in the economic decision CONTENTS Prolegomenon Four theses Some concluding remarks 12.04.2019 E.Dinga - Calculus and free will in the economic decision

Non-empirical premises Empirical conclusions Non-empirical conclusions PROLEGOMENON (1/5) Rationality: a kind of logical inference, from premises to conclusion, based on the four principles of bivalent logics provable rationality: rationality where non-empirical conclusions are drawn from non-empirical premises (autonomous rationality - AR) non-provable rationality: rationality where empirical conclusions are drawn from empirical premises (habit rationality - HR) quasi-provable rationality: rationality where non-empirical conclusions are drawn from empirical premises (belief rationality - BR) quasi-rationality: rationality where empirical conclusions are drawn from non- empirical premises (practical rationality - PR) Empirical premises Non-empirical premises Empirical conclusions HR PR Non-empirical conclusions BR AR 12.04.2019 E.Dinga - Calculus and free will in the economic decision

E.Dinga - Calculus and free will in the economic decision PROLEGOMENON (2/5) Rationality model: a logically invariant device that necessarily generates conclusions from premises, based on its own semiotic principles semiotic principles: principles related to ways and to associated significations concerning: semantics: relationships between signes and their referentials (denotations) sintax: relationships among signes (the propositions or the predicates) pragmatics: relationships between signes and the user of them arising question : what about the Gödel theorem? our answer: the conclusion of un-determination about the truth value is still a conclusion, so the definition of the rationality model is working! 12.04.2019 E.Dinga - Calculus and free will in the economic decision

E.Dinga - Calculus and free will in the economic decision PROLEGOMENON (3/5) Calculus: any finit episode of rationality model functioning (eg. of a Turing machine) Outcome: any comprehensive result of a calculus Decision: any conscious acceptance of an outcome, no matter its significance Behaviour: a practical objectivation of a decision, no matter its way practical: related to practice practice: relationship of any kind among human beings (relationship among subjects) a-rational: impossible to be related to rational irrational: inconsistent (i.e. contradictory) with rational NB: i-rational does not means something wrong or un-acceptable outside the rationality model considered, but only its inside 12.04.2019 E.Dinga - Calculus and free will in the economic decision

E.Dinga - Calculus and free will in the economic decision PROLEGOMENON (4/5) Necessary: a state parameter of some a system that is inherent for the given system Necessary decision: a decision based on calculus (generally delivered by a rationality model) Free will: a state parameter of some a system that give to the system the capacity to oppose (ignore, modify, reject, etc.) to the necessity Necessity: the behaviour space where the free will is impossible Liberty: the behaviour space where the free will is exclusive Contingent decision: decision taken inside the space of liberty Actual decision: decision taken inside the historical (dated, empirical) intersection between the necessity and liberty NB: realy we experience only the actual decisions 12.04.2019 E.Dinga - Calculus and free will in the economic decision

E.Dinga - Calculus and free will in the economic decision PROLEGOMENON (5/5) Some final comments: the conceptual pair calculus – free will is not a primary (primitive) pair, but a derivative one the primary (primitive) conceptual pair is necessity – liberty 12.04.2019 E.Dinga - Calculus and free will in the economic decision

E.Dinga - Calculus and free will in the economic decision FOUR THESES (1/4) (Thesis 1): No decision based on calculus is of free will nature argument: once a rationality model was chosen, its outcome is mandatory to be adopted, because it is logically necessary arising question : what about the case when more than one outcomes are delivered? our answer: a new rationality model is needed in order to select among the alternative outcomes; so the new rationality model imposes again the necessity, against the free will, by a new calculus aimed to choose a single alternative the logical consequence of the thesis 1: the possible free will behavior is moved back toward the moment of choosing the rationality model itself; based on this consequence we formulate the thesis 2 12.04.2019 E.Dinga - Calculus and free will in the economic decision

E.Dinga - Calculus and free will in the economic decision FOUR THESES (2/4) (Thesis 2): No choosing of a rationality model is of free will nature argument: choosing among the rationality models is logically equivalent with any choosing among alternatives (this time, the alternatives are the different rationality models from a possible list of such rationality models) arising question : what about the criteria to choose among the rationality model? our answer: they must be based on the key principle or principles driving the logics of the rationality models the logical consequence of the thesis 2: the free will behavior is moved more back toward the invariants apt to ground a rationality model (eg. the selfishness principle for the homo oeconomicus model of rationality); from this we formulate the thesis 3 12.04.2019 E.Dinga - Calculus and free will in the economic decision

E.Dinga - Calculus and free will in the economic decision FOUR THESES (3/4) (Thesis 3): The only invariant criterion aimed to generically ground a rationality model is the human nature argument: the human nature is preponderantly generated by non-cultural factors (eg. the biological determination seems to be crucial here) arising question : could the so-called socio-biology offer a likely explanation of the background of the human being practical behaviour? our answer: yes, under the condition of uniformity of this determination (eg. no racial discrimination of determination) the logical consequence of the thesis 3: never the human nature is objectivated as such, but only through the human condition (the human condition is the generic human nature altered by the culture); from this we formulate the thesis 4 12.04.2019 E.Dinga - Calculus and free will in the economic decision

E.Dinga - Calculus and free will in the economic decision FOUR THESES (4/4) (Thesis 4): The only (variant) criterion to ground an actual rationality model is the human condition argument: the human condition is the generic human nature altered by the culture; so, the human condition is an empirical parameter while the human nature is a theoretical one, and we always observe or experience ourselves only the human condition arising question : if the human condition is simply contingent (i.e., accidental, empirical, historical), how could it ground a rationality model our answer: only by an a-rational or irrational choosing of the empirical key principle of the rationality model (eg. choosing of the axioms system of an explanatory system is simply arbitrary, so under the free will) the logical consequence of the thesis 4: the only place (or moment) where (when) the free will works is the choosing of the key principle which the rationality model is based on 12.04.2019 E.Dinga - Calculus and free will in the economic decision

SOME CONCLUDING REMARKS Any calculus (no matter it is quantitative or qualitative, based on intuition or on rationality model, simple or sophisticated) imposes necessarily the economic decision so, the calculus transports us in the necessity territory If it is possible to take a decision without calculus, then we have free will, because this means a negation of the necessity this negation is not of a refutation nature, but of avoiding one Even if we take decisions based on calculus generated by a rationality model, the free will could still be saved namely at the moment of choosing the key principle which the rationality model is based on The operational key principle grounding any rationality model must be of the human condition, but not of the human nature origin The human condition is the contingent (so, empirical) objectification of the human nature, via the culture (values, institutions, mema etc.) 12.04.2019 E.Dinga - Calculus and free will in the economic decision

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