Describe what is this picture showing. Q.Q. 01/22/19 Describe what is this picture showing.

This is NOT Evolution Darwin and others were not suggesting that man evolved from apes. They were suggesting that apes and humans share a common ancestor.

Q.Q. 01/23 Homologous anatomical structures provide evidence that the organisms are: Are equally related to one another Are not related to one another Share a distant common ancestor Share the same parents

Q.Q. 01/23 Homologous anatomical structures provide evidence that the organisms are: Are equally related to one another Are not related to one another Share a distant common ancestor Share the same parents Prezi

See link for Evidence of Evolution #1,2,3 Prezi

Galápagos animals resembled species of the South American mainland more than animals on similar but distant islands Evidence of Evolution #4: Geographic Distribution

What Darwin didn’t know Evidence of Evolution #5: Molecular Biology Molecular Bio provides some of the strongest evidence that organisms evolved from a common ancestor. Organisms’ DNA shows that organisms are related by comparing amino acid sequences. Example: Genome (DNA) sequencing shows that the great apes are our closest living relatives. Chimpanzees and gorillas share around 98% of the same DNA sequences as humans.

Darwin’s Theory of Evolution through Natural Selection PART 1 Unit #6—Evolution Darwin’s Theory of Evolution through Natural Selection PART 1

“Evolution” = slow, gradual change over time

Earlier ideas on Evolution Charles Lyell 1797 - 1875 Lyell’s idea was called “______________.” uniformitarianism The same geologic forces that were active in the past are still operating today. Change is uniform over time. Proposed that the Earth was millions of years instead of a few thousand years old

Jean Baptiste Lamarck (early 1800’s) “The inheritance of acquired characteristics” Differences among traits are due to the use or failure to use body structures If a body part were used, it got stronger If body part NOT used, it deteriorated. First to propose that organisms are adapted to their environment. Example: Giraffe necks

TIME Modern day giraffes have longer necks. Giraffes constantly stretched neck to reach treetops Original short necked ancestor TIME

SO Lamarck’s idea for HOW change occurred was DISPROVEN!!! In other words, if you spend your entire adult life weight lifting and building up muscle mass, .... your children will have big muscles, too. SO Lamarck’s idea for HOW change occurred was DISPROVEN!!! (NOT TRUE!) If you lose a finger in an accident, ... your children will be missing a finger, too.

Lamarck’s Mistakes!!! Genes are not changed by activities in life (acquired traits) Change in genes is through mutation that occurs before an organism is born.

Thomas Malthus – Population Growth If the human population grew unchecked, there wouldn’t be enough living space and food for everyone. *Leads to competition and “survival of the fittest” Death rate will increase to balance population size & food supply

Myths and Misconceptions of Evolution Ted Ed Myths and Misconceptions of Evolution

Ticket Out! Answer the questions and turn in

The Galapagos Islands 1831 – 1836 Voyage of HMS Beagle

The Galapagos Islands- Charles Darwin observed variations of same animal on different islands of the Galapagos Slightly varying climates among the islands. Unique animals found on islands: Tortoises Finches

The Galapagos Islands- Tortoise You could tell which tortoise came from which island simply by observing its shell. The “Galapagos” islands are named after the unique giant tortoises that live there. *In Spanish, “galápago” means tortoise.

The Galapagos Islands- Finches Finches had different types of beaks, adapted to their specific environment (seeds, nuts, berries, insects…)

From 1 species to 14 species… Warbler finch Woodpecker finch Small insectivorous tree finch Large insectivorous Vegetarian Cactus finch Sharp-beaked finch Small ground finch Medium ground finch Large ground Insect eaters Bud eater Seed eaters Cactus eater Warbler Tree finches Ground finches EVOLUTION by Natural selection occurs IF AND ONLY IF there is variation in a heritable trait, which increases an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce

Darwin’s finches REVIEW of his conclusions: Variations in beaks differences in beaks in the original flock adaptations to foods available on islands Natural Selection for most fit over many generations, the finches were selected for specific beaks & behaviors Offspring inherit successful traits accumulation of winning traits: both beaks & behaviors Separate into different species DELETE slide?

Common Descent Darwin’s idea of “Descent with modification”: all living organisms are related to one another Common Descent

Sources of Variation Mutation in gametes (sex cells) A mutation is a change in the DNA of an organism. Most mutations are NOT beneficial to the organism. Some may become beneficial if the environment changes, provided they do not harm the individual. (ex. Giraffe’s neck) tschwartz

Overproduction Selection Variation Adaptation