Chapter 1.2 What are living things?

What is an organism? ORGANISM- is a living thing. It can be anything that lives, grows, breathe etc. Examples of organisms are: dog, cat, flower, elephant, sunflower, rose, frog and so many more.

6 CHARACTERISTICS of ORGANISMS: 1. Cells 2. Energy 3. Adaptations 4. Response and stimulus 5. Growth and development 6. Reproduction

6 CHARACTERISTICS of ORGANISMS: 1. Organisms are made of cells Cell- basic unit of structure and function in living things Unicellular = one cell Multicellular = many cells

2. Energy: Organisms use energy. Energy is ability to do the work or cause change. Plants use energy from the sun to make food. Animals get energy from the sun by eating plants or other animals that have eaten plants.

3. Adaptations Organisms have the ability to adapt to their surroundings. For example: chameleons change their color to blend in with their environment.

4. Response & Stimulus: Organisms respond to changes in their environment. A stimulus is something that causes a response. A response is a reaction to a change or stimulus. Stimulus Response

5. Growth and development Organism grow and develop during their lifetimes. One way organisms change is growing.

6. Reproduction: Organisms can reproduce more organisms (make babies). That way, organisms can survive on the Earth. Sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction

What is matter? MATTER- Everything around is made of matter. Matter is any substance that has mass. Some substances can be broken down into smaller substances. For example, water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen.

Elements and atoms However, hydrogen and oxygen can not be broken down. So, they are called elements. The smallest part of element is called the atom.

What is a compound? When two or more atoms from different elements join, they form COMPOUNDS. Water is a compound (H2O).

What is an organic compound? An organic compound is a compound that has carbon in it. There are 4 main organic compounds: a. carbohydrates b. lipids c. protein d. nucleic acids

4 types of compounds: 1. Carbohydrates- main source of energy 2. Lipids (fats)– used to store energy; are parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverages 3. Proteins – control the rate of chemical reactions, regulate cell processes, form tissues, repair cells and help to fight diseases. 4. Nucleic acids – store and transmit DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Questions: What is an atom?

What is an organism?

What is the source of energy for most living things?

What is the function of lipids in cells?

How do you get energy from the sun?

What is an organic compound? Give two examples of organic compounds.

What is role of proteins in our body?

CHECKING CONCEPTS: 1. Organisms use ______________________ to store energy. 2. Organisms _____________________ to changes in their environment. 3. Plants use the energy in ______________________ to make food. 4. Organic compounds have ___________ in it. 5. An organism that has many cells is called ____________________.