Yomeka Gaffney EDU 643 Professor Herrera Assignment 4:Presentation of Misconceptions of Adult Learning and Application Synthesis Yomeka Gaffney EDU 643 Professor Herrera

Three Misconceptions Worldviews Intelligence The Adult Learner

Andragogy Andragogy is adult education; the helping of adults to learn. This includes the creation of learning experiences in which adults are helped to make the transition from dependent learning to being self-directed. Learning in adulthood is woven in context. A set of principles is not likely to hold a wide-range of diverse learners and learning situations. Adult’s life situations are defined by work, home, and community. Through school and home, children learn to become adults not the other way around. (Knowles, pg. 427, paragraph 2)

What is the adult learner? Malcolm Knowles is credited with bringing this framework to attention in North America, although he acknowledged its previous European origins (Knowles 1980). According to this framework, adults are assumed to prefer self-direction in learning, bring a vast reservoir of experience that should be considered in planning learning experience, exhibit a readiness to learn that is based on a need to know something or do something, exhibit an orientation to learning that is task- or problem-centered rather than subject- centered, and exhibit a relatively high degree of internal motivation.

Defining Worldviews Through the eyes of the author of this paper, the world view has been influenced teaching children of different races as well as different beliefs the basics at their start of their education. It is to love despite religion or ethnicity. The video about the six blind men and the elephant displayed in one of the units of the EDU 643 module was very interesting in interpreting various worldviews. It showed that each one of the men had a correct outlook on the parts of the elephant yet all of them were wrong in a sense. Researched was found that there are various interpretations of the video in books that teach about logic.

Defining Intelligence As studies on human intelligence had gained great momentum, this led to the emergence of various theories on the issue. The first studies on intelligence was said to be Darwin’s studies on animal intelligence. Darwin made significant contributions to the understanding of human intelligence (Kooij, Ruyter, & Miedema, 2015). Intelligence is a specific measurement of their ability to learn. Intelligence consist of single factors. According to Sternberg and Gardner (1982), "at theory of one general intelligence by general intelligence can be an understood component." We are developed a certain amount of intelligence at birth. It is developed as we mature. (Battes, 1993;Bay 2000;Dixon, 2003, Schaire, 1966). Intelligence is tested and measured by IQ test. It is my belief that intelligence is scaled by those who want to keep status and levels of the brain scattered. (hope this makes sense). Culture plays a major role on our cognitive perspective. What we see from magazines, ads, commercials forms our way of thinking. What we measure our level of intelligence is based on what we've read or how we perceive something.

It has been found that as change arises so should the cognitive develop. Piaget explains this in his stages of adulthood. The stages that Piaget suggests are implemented through home, school, and the community that begins to shape one’s worldview. This in-turns assist or hinders intelligence based on one’s surroundings. Gordon (2011) states, “The approach that a student takes towards their study has a substantial impact on the quality of their learning and academic success—a deep rather than surface approach more likely to be associated with academic success.” As one matures into adulthood, it should allow the theory of Transformative learning. “(TL) is often described as learning that changes the way individuals think about themselves and their world, and that involves a shift of consciousness” (King, 2002). Incorporating more discussion question in more contexts in the adult education setting to promote self-reflection http://study.com/academy/lesson/levinsons-stages-of-adult-development-theory.html ( additional references)

References Abela, J., (2009) Adult Learning Theories and Medical Education: A Review. Malta Medical Journal. Vol. 21, Issue 01. Gardner, H. & Sternberg, R.J. (1983) Frames of Mind: The Theory  of Multiple Intelligences. Merriam, S. B., Baumgartner, L., & Caffarella, R. S. (2007). Learning in Adulthood: A Comprehensive Guide. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass