IL-4 induces differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into fibrogenic fibroblast-like cells Tadashi Sato, MD, PhD, Xiangde Liu, MD, Hesham Basma,

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IL-4 induces differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into fibrogenic fibroblast-like cells Tadashi Sato, MD, PhD, Xiangde Liu, MD, Hesham Basma, PhD, Shinsaku Togo, MD, PhD, Hisatoshi Sugiura, MD, PhD, Amy Nelson, BS, Masanori Nakanishi, MD, PhD, Nobuhiro Kanaji, MD, PhD, Xingqi Wang, MD, Miok Kim, MD, Yingji Li, MD, PhD, Joel Michalski, BS, Maha Farid, MD, John G. Sharp, PhD, Stephen I. Rennard, MD Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 127, Issue 6, Pages 1595-1603.e9 (June 2011) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.049 Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Representative immunocytochemistry of differentiated fibroblast-like cells. A, Vimentin in control cells. B, Vimentin in IL-4–induced cells. C, Cytokeratin in control cells. D, Cytokeratin in IL-4–induced cells. E, Desmin in control cells. F, Desmin in IL-4–induced cells. G, α-SMA in control cells. H, α-SMA in IL-4–induced cells. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 127, 1595-1603.e9DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.049) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 α-SMA expression in undifferentiated hESCs, EBs, and differentiated fibroblast-like cells. A, Representative Western blots for α-SMA. β-Actin expression is shown as a loading control. B, Densitometric analysis of α-SMA expression relative to the amount to β-actin. Three different batches of control and IL-4–induced cells (indicated by #1, #2, and #3 in Fig 2, A), each prepared from hESCs on separate occasions, were each evaluated 3 times. Values are presented as means ± SDs. *P < .05, **P < .01. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 127, 1595-1603.e9DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.049) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Physiological differences between control and IL-4–induced fibroblast-like cells derived from hESCs. A, Collagen gel contraction. The size of the gels was measured on day 3 and shown as the percentage of initial area. B, Chemotaxis toward fibronectin. Chemotaxis was assessed by counting the number of migrated cells in 5 high-power fields (HPF). C, Migration of fibroblast-like cells in the wound-closure assay. Cell migration is expressed as a percentage of the cell occupied area in the initial wound area. D, Cell proliferation. Cells were plated at a density of 2 × 104 cells/well and cultured. Cell numbers were determined on days 3 and 5 by using an electronic cell counter. For all experiments, 3 different batches of control and IL-4–induced cells were evaluated on 3 separate occasions, each performed in triplicate. Values are presented as means ± SDs. *P < .05, **P < .01. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 127, 1595-1603.e9DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.049) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Production of biomarkers from control and IL-4–induced fibroblast-like cells derived from hESCs. A, Fibronectin production. B, PGE2 production. C, TGF-β1 production. For the measurement of TGF-β1, only media without TGF-β1 were used. Three different batches of control and IL-4–induced cells were evaluated on 3 separate occasions, each performed in triplicate. Values are presented as means ± SDs. *P < .01. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 127, 1595-1603.e9DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.049) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 miR-155 expression in undifferentiated hESCs, EBs, and differentiated fibroblast-like cells. Cell layers of differentiated cells were extracted after 48 hours of treatment with or without TGF-β1 (100 pmol/L). miR-155 expression determined by means of real-time PCR is normalized to the amount of ribosomal RNA and expressed as 2−ΔΔCT values. ∗P < .01 compared with other groups. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 127, 1595-1603.e9DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.049) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 miR-155 regulates the differentiated fibroblast-like cell phenotype. A, Collagen gel contraction on day 3. B, Chemotaxis toward fibronectin. C, Cell migration determined by means of wound-closure assay. D, Fibronectin production. Three different batches of control and IL-4–induced cells were evaluated on 3 separate occasions in all experiments. Values are presented as means ± SDs. *P < .05, **P < .01. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 127, 1595-1603.e9DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.049) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Morphology of EBs differentiating in 3-dimensional collagen gels Morphology of EBs differentiating in 3-dimensional collagen gels. The differential EBs were cast into collagen gels and cultured in the absence (control; A) or presence (B) of IL-4. Spindle-shaped cells (arrows) start to appear surrounding EBs after 7 to 10 days of culture. Spindle-shaped cells increase in numbers and spread out around EBs by day 21. Images were taken on days 10 and 21. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 127, 1595-1603.e9DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.049) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Morphology of differentiated fibroblast-like cells in monolayer culture. A, Control differentiated cells. B, IL-4–induced cells. The control and IL-4–induced cells released from collagen gels were cultured with 10% FBS-DMEM on monolayer. Images were taken at passage 4. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 127, 1595-1603.e9DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.049) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Representative immunocytochemistry for fibroblast-like cells Representative immunocytochemistry for fibroblast-like cells. Collagen gels in which EBs had been cultured for 21 days with or without (control) IL-4 were dissolved by using collagenase and passaged into monolayer culture. Thy-1 (CD90): A, control cells; B, IL-4–induced cells. Collagen I (Col I): C, control cells; D, IL-4–induced cells. CD34: E, control cells; F, IL-4–induced cells. CD45: G, control cells; H, IL-4–induced cells. CD11b: I, control cells; J, IL-4–induced cells. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 127, 1595-1603.e9DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.049) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Migration of differentiated fibroblast-like cells in the in vitro wound-closure assay: representative photographs of in vitro wound-closure assay. Cells were seeded into a 12-well culture plate, and the wound-closure assay was performed in the presence or absence of TGF-β1 (100 pmol/L) for 48 hours, as described in the experimental procedures section. The round solid line shows an edge of the wound at the time of removal of the tip (baseline). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 127, 1595-1603.e9DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.049) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Microarray profiling of miRNAs in control and IL-4–induced fibroblast-like cells. The vertical axis represents relative expression in IL-4–induced cells, and the horizontal axis represents control cells. Two different batches of control and IL-4–induced cells were evaluated (#1 and #2), each in quadruplicate. miR-155 is shown to be reduced in all test spots of both comparisons in IL-4–induced cells compared with control cells. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 127, 1595-1603.e9DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.049) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

miR-155 regulates the motility of fibroblast-like cells miR-155 regulates the motility of fibroblast-like cells. Representative photographs of the in vitro wound-closure assay. Cells were transfected with either miR-155 mimic, miR-155 inhibitor, or control miRNA. The wound-closure assay was then performed as described in the Methods section. The round solid line shows an edge of the wound at the time of removal of the tip. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 127, 1595-1603.e9DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.049) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Effect of miR-155 on PGE2 production, TGF-β1 production, and α-SMA expression in control and IL-4–induced fibroblast-like cells. A, PGE2 production by means of enzyme immunoassay. B, TGF-β1 production by means of ELISA. C, Densitometric analysis of α-SMA expression expressed relative to the amount to β-actin by means of Western blot analysis. Cells were cultured in the presence or absence of TGF-β1 for 48 hours after the transfection of an miR-155 mimic, an inhibitor, or a control miRNA and then collected as either supernatants or cell layers. Three different batches of control and IL-4–induced cells were evaluated on 3 separate occasions. Values are presented as means ± SDs. *P < .05, **P < .01. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 127, 1595-1603.e9DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.049) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions