Chapter 19 Section 1: The Scientific Revolution

Geocentric Theory: idea that the earth is the center of the universe the sun & stars revolve around it 1st proposed by Aristotle – 300’s BCE Ideas promoted by the Roman Catholic Church

Scientific Revolution: change in European thought; 1500-1600’s Called for: Scientific observation Experimentation Questioning of traditional opinions clip

Scientific Method: Logical 5 step method to gain knowledge 1.Identify the problem 2.Form a hypothesis 3.Experiments 4.Record the results 5.Analyze the results

Rene’ Descartes (1596-1650) All things should be doubted … French philosopher, mathematician, scientist All things should be doubted … Until proved by reason Became part of scientific method

Francis Bacon: English Scientist(1620’s) The only true way to gain scientific knowledge is experimentation: Observing Measuring Explaining Verifying

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) Polish Astronomer Proposed the heliocentric (sun-centered) theory of the universe

Heliocentric theory: The Sun is the center of the Universe and the earth and other planets rotate around it.

Copernicus’ Book contradicted Church teachings the everything rotated around the earth.

Johannes Kepler-German Mathematician Proved that the planets orbited Around sun In an oval/elliptical pattern

Galileo Galilei(1564-1642) Italian astronomer mathematician, physicists Law of motion of falling objects 1st working telescope Conflict with Roman Catholic Church

1st Working Telescope

Galileo was brought up before Pope Urban VII and the Inquisition and spent the remainder of his life under “house arrest”

Isaac Newton(1642-1727) English Mathematician and natural philosopher Discovered the law of gravity Laws on physics of objects

Isaac Newton and others would soon help develop and new kind of math known as calculus clip

Discoveries in Biology: Andreas Veslaius Flemish Doctor studied anatomy Italian judge gave him bodies of executed criminals to dissect Had artists draw pictures of for a book “The Working of the Human Body”(1543)

Dutch Scientist: Antony van Leeuwenhoek Developed the microscope 1st to describe bacteria, red blood cells yeast ect.

Robert Hooke: English Physicists and Inventor 1st to use the term “cell”

Robert Boyle “father” of Modern Chemistry French chemist Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier – 1st periodic table

Progression of the Periodic Table