Chapter 5 Gases.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 5 Gases

How To Characterize a Gas Volume (V): Amount of Space (Liters) the gas occupies. Pressure (P): The force (per area) produced by moving particles when they collide with the container walls. ...balanced by the pressure of the atmosphere (Patm) Moles of particles (n): Number of gas particles contained in the volume. Temperature (T): Measures kinetic energy of particles Always used in Kelvin temp. units!

Pressure (...cont.) Force Pressure = Area Force (150 pounds) 150 lbs 0.01 inch2 Pressure = 15000 lbs/inch2 Area (0.01 inch2) Pressure = 15000 psi

Pressure (...cont.) Force Pressure = Area Force (150 pounds) 150 lbs 10.0 inch2 Pressure = 15 lbs/inch2 Pressure = 15 psi 1000 nails  0.01 inch2 = 10 inch2

The “Bed of Nails”

Pressure Measurement Gas is removed by pump Atmospheric Pressure Zero Pressure Atmospheric Pressure Mercury Manometer Equal Levels h = 760 mmHg Vacuum Pump Equal pressures Hg Barometer Hg(l) Atmospheric Pressure = 760 mmHg

Pressure Measurements: Units p.s.i. : pounds per square inch mmHg : millimeters of mercury (torr) atm : atmospheres Pa : Pascals (Newton/m2) Conversion Factors (Know Red): 1 atm = 760 mmHg (exactly) 1 atm = 14.6 p.s.i. 1 atm = 1.01325 105 Pa 1 torr = 1 mmHg