Biological influences on gender

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Unit 3-C (D): Evolutionary Psychology
Advertisements

Infidelity Many human societies are based around notionally monogamous relationships However, it is relatively common for both men and women to engage.
The Biological Perspective
SOSC 200Y Gender and Society Lecture 12: Women Sexuality.
Women Are From Earth, Men Are From Earth. Thesis Different patterns of behavior in men and women can be explained by the same principle: natural selection.
Contemporary Perspectives. What is a “perspective”? What do you think???
Homework  Plan the following essay ready for timed essay after half term “Discuss two or more theories of the formation of romantic relationships” (8+16)
© Kip Smith, 2003 Part 2 Nature Evolution, language, and species-typical (innate) behavior patterns.
In a perfect world … what should the role of men and women be?
A01 feedback Starting sentence before you go into the biology (23 pairs of chromosomes, males XY, females XX) Don’t just explain how genes affect your.
Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies
PSYC 1000 Lecture 11. Evolution of Language Advent of language an evolutionary milestone Language is the basis for cultural evolution –Tendency of cultures.
17 February 2009 ANTH 324 Culture, Sexuality, and the Body. READ: Brettell and Sargent pp ; Mascia-Lees and Black chapter 8 “The Reflexive Approach.
Genes, Culture, and Gender Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Gender Gender: the characteristics people associate with male and female.
1.Behavior geneticists study the genetic basis of behavior and personality differences among people. 2.The more closely people are biologically related,
The ‘science’ of ATTRACTION. Parental Investment Sexual selection – ‘survival of the sexiest’ Leads to choosy females …and competitive males Leads to.
A Framework for Integrating Evolutionary and Feminist Perspectives in Psychological Research by Daniel J. Kruger, Maryanne L. Fisher & Paula Wright Kruger,
Module 15 Evolutionary Psychology UNIT 3 BIOLOGY.
5 mins To look over notes and plan Timed essay- 30 mins DISCUSS THE BIOSOCIAL APPROACH TO GENDER DEVELOPMENT. (8 +16 MARKS) You can use your plan but this.
SEX AND EVOLUTION By: Ronald F. White, Ph.D. Professor of Philosophy.
Page 1 Evolution and human aggression. Evolutionary explanations of human aggression Aggression is adaptive Discuss reasons for this statement Survival.
Literary Theory Different Perspectives For Thinking About Texts.
G e n e s, C u l t u r e, a n d G e n d e r Copyright 2016 © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display Royalty-Free/Digital.
Theoretical Perspectives.  Sociobiology : Application of evolutionary biology to understanding the social behavior of animals, including humans.
FEMINIST. FEMINIST CRITICISM Concerned with the ways in which literature reinforces or undermines the… o Political o Economic o Social o Psychological.
Getting you prepared: List as many behaviours as you can that you think the evolutionary approach can explain. Extension: What behaviours do you think.
Extension: Do you think socialisation is a stronger argument for gender development than biology? Discuss with somebody else what different social factors.
Variation within species Variation is passed on through inheritance More offspring are produced than survive Selection pressures, selects those with.
Evolution, jealousy and violent crime against women.
Understanding Men In Contemporary Society Carlee Kreisel, Samantha Ring, & Samantha Sunga Week 9 Panel Presentation Fall 2014.
Evolutionary Psychology & Development. Evolutionary Psychology: (focus on the use of Darwin’s principle of natural selection to understand behavior and.
Sexual Selection & Investment Why do males usually evolve the ‘sexy’ traits? Why do females usually do the choosing? What do we mean by ‘investment’? Is.
Gender The biosocial approach to gender development.
Evolutionary explanations of human aggression. Learning objectives Understand how evolutionary psychology explains aggression Explain how jealousy and.
Example IDA for Parental investment: Point: The parental investment theory can be seen as deterministic Explain: This is because the explanation is presuming.
CLASS 19.
©2013 McGraw-Hill Companies
Chapter 5: Genes, Culture, and Gender
On whiteboards: answer the question…
All about Evolutionary Psychology and its functions
AO1 exam tips For paper 3 you have just 10 minutes to write your AO1 per question, so you have to use your time well.
Evolution & Sexual Selection
The biosocial approach to gender development
Evolution and Human Agression
Evolution and Human Agression
Social contexts of gender role
Relationships Parental Investment.
Sylvia Junko Yanagisako and Jane Fishburne Collier Toward a Unified Analysis of Gender and Kinship in Kinship and Family: An Anthropological Reader, edited.
Do Now What role does natural selection play in genetics?
Nature & Nurture How much of what you are came from your parents, and how much from growing up?
GCSE Sociology The Role of the Family.
Chapter 3 Sex and Gender. Chapter 3 Sex and Gender.
Gender Roles and Relationships
Getting to know the Mark Scheme… Key Terms Explained
Theoretical Perspectives:
Feminist Literary Theory
Sexual Dimorphism Male Male Female Female Male Female
Chapter 4 D: Evolutionary Psychology
Getting to know the Mark Scheme… Key Terms Explained
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed)
WHY? Irresistible Impulse “Crime of Passion”
Biological Explanations of Criminal behaviour
SPECIFICATION EXPLAINED
Gender Evolutionary Perspectives
Parental Investment and Sex Differences in Sexual Behavior
A perspective from evolutionary psychology
Nature, Nurture and Human Diversity
Evolution & Sexual Selection
Evolution & Sexual Selection
Unit 3 Biological Bases of Behavior
Presentation transcript:

Biological influences on gender Evolutionary explanations of gender roles

Learning objectives Describe parental investments made by males and females Explain how behavioural differences may have been linked to reproductive success Understand the criticisms that have been made of the evolutionary account of gender differences

Introduction Gendered behaviour has roots in past Result of sexual selection Exist to enhance men and women perform particular roles necessary for survival. Criticised by feminists Agreement with biological perspective (nature rather than nurture) Reproductive success is all important.

Parental investment theory Trivers (1972) Behavioural differences evolved due to different reproductive strategies which led to reproductive success in the past. Males invest relatively little in parenting compared to females.

Difference in behaviour Uncommitted sex / promiscuity = optimal strategy for males Choosiness = optimal strategy for females. Men and women differ in their readiness to engage in casual sexual encounters.

Parental investment theory also explains tendency to form relationships or ‘pair bonds’.

Differences in aggression Men have to compete to be chosen They need to be seen as fitter and stronger Men tend to be bigger than females (the protector and provider).

Commentary and evaluation It is unlikely that a one-night stand or short-term relationship will result in pregnancy. A baby with one parent has less chance of survival. This is an argument against the idea that promiscuous sex is advantageous to males.

Evaluation The reluctance of women to engage in casual sex may reflect cultural views rather than biology and evolution. Cassidy (2007) argues that evolutionary psychology tells us nothing about non-heterosexual relationships. Differences may be undesirable (e.g. the idea of the uncommitted male).

Controversial aspects The theory has been used to explain (justify) sexual violence such as rape. This attracts much outrage and criticism. Does that necessarily make it wrong? It is a sensitive area.