Hiromichi Miwa, MD, Takehisa Matsuda, PhD  Journal of Vascular Surgery 

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An integrated approach to the design and engineering of hybrid arterial prostheses  Hiromichi Miwa, MD, Takehisa Matsuda, PhD  Journal of Vascular Surgery  Volume 19, Issue 4, Pages 658-667 (April 1994) DOI: 10.1016/S0741-5214(94)70039-7 Copyright © 1994 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Scanning electron micrograph of preimplanted graft. PU, Polyurethane graft. Luminal surface is completely covered with well-spread and tightly junctioned ECs, beneath which ABM is observed as fibrous collagenous mesh. (Original magnification ×1500.) Journal of Vascular Surgery 1994 19, 658-667DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(94)70039-7) Copyright © 1994 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Scanning electron micrographs of grafts at 2 weeks. (Original magnification A, C and E, ×500; B, ×5000; and D, and F, ×2000.) A and B, Completely endothelialized portion. Endothelial cells are oriented toward blood flow (arrow). C and D, Small thrombi composed of fibrin and adherent platelets are observed at nonendothelialized regions. E and F, Leukocyte migrates into interstices of endothelial cells. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1994 19, 658-667DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(94)70039-7) Copyright © 1994 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Cumulative area frequency distribution of nonendothelialized portions. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1994 19, 658-667DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(94)70039-7) Copyright © 1994 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Percentage of EC coverage as function of implantation period (measured by planimetry). Journal of Vascular Surgery 1994 19, 658-667DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(94)70039-7) Copyright © 1994 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Histologic sections of grafts. (Hematoxylin and eosin stain. Original magnification ×66.) A, Middle portion of graft at 2 weeks. Luminal surface of graft is lined with monolayered ECs, beneath which thinly layered ABM is observed. Artificial basement membrane anchors to micropores of polyurethane graft. B, Middle portion of graft at 4 weeks. Note capillary (arrow) penetrating through polyurethane graft. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1994 19, 658-667DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(94)70039-7) Copyright © 1994 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Histologic sections of graft at 12 weeks. Immunohistochemical stain with muscle-actin-specific antibody identifies that cells observed beneath EC monolayer are SMCs. (A, Original magnification ×128.) Transverse section (B) and longitudinal section (C). (B and C, Hematoxylin and eosin stain. Original magnification ×66.) Difference in cell morphology between two sections demonstrates that circumferential orientation of SMCs is predominant. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1994 19, 658-667DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(94)70039-7) Copyright © 1994 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 Histologic section of distal anastomosis at 26 weeks. Luminal surface at anastomosis between artery and graft forms flat and uniform junction. (Hematoxylin and eosin stain. Original magnification ×66.) Journal of Vascular Surgery 1994 19, 658-667DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(94)70039-7) Copyright © 1994 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions