Figure 2 Microbiota-related pathways in atherosclerosis

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Biochemical Markers in the inflammatory response Dr Claire Bethune Consultant Immunologist Derriford Hospital.

Advertisements

Musketeers Course October The Mucosal Immune System The organization of the mucosal immune systemThe organization of the mucosal immune system The.

Topics Sensor systems Phagocytosis Inflammation Interferons Fever.

atherosclerosis Jon Yap John A. Burns School of Medicine

HANDBOOK OF DYSLIPIDEMIA AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS Part One Professor Jean-Charles Fruchart Department of Atherosclerosis (Inserm UR545) Pasteur Institute of.

Prebiotics &probiotics

Lipoproteins and Atheroscloresis

Lipoproteins and Atheroscloresis

Relationship with Bile acids and Microbiota

Figure 2 Hepatic action of functional foods and supplements

Figure 1 Contribution of the gut microbiota

Figure 1 Newly discovered mechanistic pathways

Volume 18, Issue 4, Pages (October 2015)

Specialized Metabolites from the Microbiome in Health and Disease

Figure 2 Signalling molecules and pathways involved in HSC activation

Gallstone Disease and Cancer Risk: Finding the Bug in the System

Figure 2 Mechanisms of the gut–autonomic

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Gut microbiota and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: new insights

Figure 4 Acute-phase HDL

Statin effect on apo A-I synthesis is related to its mode of action Inhibition by mevalonate Figure 106 If mevalonate is added to cells with statin-induced.

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 3 Polysaccharides from plants and mushrooms

Figure 1 Innate immune responses in atherosclerosis

Figure 1 An overview of the TIMER microbiota–host

Volume 40, Issue 3, Pages (March 2004)

Figure 2 Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells promote atherogenesis

Ara Koh, Filipe De Vadder, Petia Kovatcheva-Datchary, Fredrik Bäckhed

Targeting the gut-liver axis in liver disease

Figure 2 Organ crosstalk in the pathophysiology

Mitchell Kronenberg, Yuki Kinjo Immunity

Interaction of hypercholesterolemia and inflammation in atherogenesis

Specialized Metabolites from the Microbiome in Health and Disease

Figure 3 Serotonin influences many peripheral tissues

The Intestinal Immune System in Obesity and Insulin Resistance

Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. doi: /nrendo

Signalling pathways in alcohol-induced liver inflammation

Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. doi: /nrendo

Gaps in Knowledge and Research Priorities for Alcoholic Hepatitis

Nat. Rev. Nephrol. doi: /nrneph

Alcoholic Liver Disease: Pathogenesis and New Therapeutic Targets

Figure 1 Key mechanistic pathways involved in the gut–liver axis in NAFLD progression Figure 1 | Key mechanistic pathways involved in the gut–liver axis.

Figure 1 Influence of diet on gut microbiota and blood pressure

Signaling in Host-Associated Microbial Communities

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

The Liver at the Nexus of Host-Microbial Interactions

The Origins and Drivers of Insulin Resistance

Gut-Pancreatic Axis AMPlified in Islets of Langerhans

Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. doi: /nrrheum

Figure 1 Body sites of microbiota that influences atherosclerosis

Figure 2 Adaptive immunity in atherosclerosis

Daniel J. Rader, Ellen Puré Cell Metabolism

Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio

Figure 2 GM-CSF — a key player in inflammation and autoimmunity

Figure 4 Role of exosomes in the pathogenesis of alcoholic hepatitis

Chengcheng Jin, Jorge Henao-Mejia, Richard A. Flavell Cell Metabolism

Microbes, Microbiota, and Colon Cancer

Innate sensors of pathogen and stress: Linking inflammation to obesity

Homeostasis and Inflammation in the Intestine

Wenjun Ouyang, Anne O’Garra Immunity

Beyond Tissue Stiffness and Bioadhesivity: Advanced Biomaterials to Model Tumor Microenvironments and Drug Resistance Ankur Singh, Ilana Brito, Jan Lammerding

Daniel J. Rader, Ellen Puré Cell Metabolism

Volume 20, Issue 5, Pages (November 2014)

Figure 2 Initiators of obesity-associated inflammation in adipocytes

The Biological Role of Inflammation in Atherosclerosis

Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis

Sander Lefere, Frank Tacke JHEP Reports

Atherosclerosis Christopher K. Glass, Joseph L. Witztum Cell

NF-κB, Inflammation, and Metabolic Disease

Presentation transcript:

Figure 2 Microbiota-related pathways in atherosclerosis Figure 2 | Microbiota-related pathways in atherosclerosis. Microbiota can affect atherosclerosis by three different pathways. First, bacterial infection activates the immune system causing a harmful inflammatory response. Both local infections by bacteria invading the atherosclerotic plaque and distant infection can lead to a proatherogenic response. Infections lead to an increase in proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which could be mediated by Toll-like receptor 4 expressed in macrophages. The proinflammatory response, regardless of bacterial infection site (vessel wall or distant site), might affect the progression of atherosclerosis and potentially also vulnerability of the plaque. Second, microbiota can influence atherosclerosis through altered cholesterol metabolism. The microbiota alters the levels of serum triglycerides and cholesterol, and bacterial taxa in the oral cavity and gut correlate with serum cholesterol6. Gut bacteria are also important in modifying bile acids, which function as signalling molecules through the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Activation of FXR induces flavin monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) in the liver; this enzyme converts trimethylamine (TMA) to trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Third, specific dietary components and microbial metabolites can lead to the production of both beneficial and harmful molecules. These pathways might contribute to the development of atherosclerotic plaques and might also augment the disease, causing plaque rupture and thrombosis. Increased serum levels of TMAO, a bacterial-derived metabolite from choline and carnitine, are associated with CVD. Some effects of TMAO are directly related to atherogenesis, such as the inhibition of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and the increase in foam cell formation, and indirect metabolic effects such as the inhibition of enzymes involved in bile acid synthesis (cholesterol 7α-monooxygenase [Cyp7a1] and sterol 26-hydroxylase, mitochondrial [Cyp27a1])85 might also affect plaque development. The effects of dietary fibre and the bacteria-induced formation of short-chain fatty acids such as acetate, butyrate, and propionate are not clear, but might involve an overall reduction in systemic inflammation. LPS, lipopolysaccharide. Jonsson, A. L. & Bäckhed, F. (2016) Role of gut microbiota in atherosclerosis Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2016.183