Bacteria Level hopeful-ink.blogspot.com

A. Bacterial Nutrition Level Bacteria: one-celled prokaryotic organisms. Prokaryotic – organisms that do not have genetic material inside a nucleus. Photosynthesizers – make their own food. Chemoautotrophs – remove electrons from inorganic molecules such as H2S and NH3 (important for the nitrogen cycle) for energy. 3. Heterotrophs – obtains organic molecules by eating other organisms or their product.

B. Bacterial Cell Shape 1. Bacteria cells are usually smaller & simpler than animal cells. a. Sphere-shaped called cocci. (singular, coccus) b. Rod-shaper bacteria are called bacilli. (singular bacillus) c. Spiral-shaped bacteria are called spirilla. (singular spirillum)

C. Major Bacterial Structures Capsule Cell wall Ribosomes Nucleoid Flagella Pilli Cytoplasm http://www.east-buc.k12.ia.us/Ins/00-01/HS/le1.GIF

Cytoplasm Nucleoid Capsule Cell Wall Membrane Ribosomes Pilli Flagella C. Major Bacterial Structures – Identify the Parts of a Bacterium Cytoplasm Nucleoid Capsule Cell Wall Membrane Ribosomes Pilli Flagella Some pili allow bacteria to exchange genetic material through a process known as conjugation.

D. Bacterial Reproduction Binary Fission - the process of one organism dividing into two organisms. The one main (circular) chromosome makes a copy of itself. Then it divides into two. Fission is a type of asexual reproduction. Some bacteria can reproduce every 20 minutes. www-raider.stjohns.k12.fl.us/.../ sv16.html

E. Bacterial Types 1. Archaebacteria – live in harsh environments where few other organisms can live. kevishere.wordpress.com Environments include the bottom of the ocean, & volcanic vents (known as extremophiles such as halophiles and thermophiles). 2. Eubacteria – contain many diverse groups of bacteria including those that cause diseases. The most common types of bacteria.

G. Bacterial Functions & Examples A. Bacteria are both harmful & helpful to health. 1. Some bacteria produce antibiotics that limit the growth of other bacteria. Antibiotics – substances that inhibit the growth of certain types of bacteria. 2. Bacteria that are pathogenic cause diseases. Pathogens – substances that cause disease. a. Immunization with a vaccine can prevent many bacterial diseases. theintelhub.com b. Some pathogens produce toxins or poisons that can cause illness, while some use the host’s nutrients.

I. Review: Prokaryote versus Eukaryote Both Eukaryote 1. No Nucleus (has a Nucleoid Region) 1. Cytoplasm 1. Nucleus 2. No membrane bound organelles 2. Ribosome 2. Membrane bound organelles (e.g. mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, chloroplast, vacuole, lysosome, vesicle) 3. Single, circular chromosome. 3. DNA 3. Multiple, linear chromosomes. 4. Size: 1-10 µm 4. Cell membrane 4. Size: 10-100 µm