Water Vapor Analysis using ship launched Rawinsondes and MODIS LCDR D. T. Derley OC 3570 Operational Oceanography Naval Post Graduate School 8 March 2006

Briefing Outline Overview Motivation Brief theory Process Where this can be applied Why is it important Brief theory Process Examples (present and past) Summary

Overview This project / brief analyzed the soundings that were created using the rawinsonde data and compared them with the water vapor information obtained using the satellite borne remote sensor MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). The focus area will be on whether or not a correlation can be made between the satellite information and the shape of the associated rawinsonde sounding profiles

Motivation Ducting environments occur over a large portion of the globe and can be exploited by both sides. Worldwide ducting Probabilities. (Prof. Davidson)

Different types of ducting Evaporation ducting Surface-based ducting dB above noise dB above noise LT McBride’s Thesis

Brief Theory The strength of the inversion determines whether or not a duct will exits. Two primary components that determine whether dm/dz < 0 is the strength of the inversion. There exist a technique to estimate the strength (gradient) of the temperature inversion but not the moisture. Different types of Ducts and their associated M profiles. (Prof. Davidson)

Channels 27, 28, 29 31 Ch 27 Ch 28 Ch 29 Ch 31

Process Prior planning to establish times and locations of the satellites footprints Rawinsonde needs to reach high altitudes Litmus test Distinct inversion in the sounding Satellite overpass coincident with sounding

Rawinsonde Maps and Plots OC 3570 Cruise 19-30 Jan 2006 Rawinsonde Maps and Plots

19-30 Jan 2006

22/0954 UTC Jan 06

22/0954 UTC Jan 06

MODIS 22 Jan 06 0940 UTC Ch. 27 Ch. 28 Ch. 29 Ch. 31 -27.1 deg. C

22/0954 UTC Jan 06 Ch 27 ~6700m -27.1 deg. C Ch 28 ~4900m

25/1152 UTC Jan 06

25/1152 UTC Jan 06

MODIS 25 Jan 06 1010 UTC Ch. 27 Ch. 28 Ch. 29 Ch. 31 -23.9 deg. C

25/1152 UTC Jan 06 Ch 27 ~ 5500m -23.9 deg. C Ch 28 ~3700m

Rawinsonde Maps and Plots OC 3570 Cruise 18-23 July 2005 Rawinsonde Maps and Plots

18/1815 UTC Jul 05

MODIS 18 Jul 05 1840 UTC Ch. 27 Ch. 28 Ch. 29 Ch. 31 -22.61 deg. C

Ch 27 ~8800m -22.61 deg.C Ch 28 ~6700m -7.3 deg. C Ch 29 ~3400m 11.05 deg. C Ch 31 ~400m 12.62 deg. C

Aug 2004 Pt Sur

9 Aug 04 2303 UTC

MODIS 9 Aug 04 2150 UTC Ch. 27 Ch. 28 Ch. 29 Ch. 31 -6.17 deg. C

Ch 27 ~ 8200m -21.62 deg. C Ch 28 ~6400m -6.17 deg. C Ch 29 ~3700m 9.01 deg. C Ch 31 ~700m 11.98 deg. C

Summary 2 of 36 showed requisite inversion Winter months showed less moisture in the upper troposphere Channels 27,28 and 29 “saw” approx. 2000m deeper Channel 31 was approx. 400m Not enough data to show a distinct correlation that would allow us to predict the inversion strength using remote sensing alone.

Eric “rawinsonde” MacDonald Token slide of….. Eric “rawinsonde” MacDonald