Energy Flow in Global Systems Section 1 Redding – Science 10 2018

Earth – Our Biosphere Thin layer above the earth that has conditions suitable for supporting life Composed of all living things on earth and the physical environment that supports them Made up of three interacting layers: Atmosphere – layer of gases surrounding the earth Lithosphere – solid portion of the earth composed of rocks and minerals Hydrosphere – all of the water on earth

The Atmosphere Rises over 500km above the earth’s surface Composed of a mixture of different gases Contains atmospheric dust – varying amount of particle matter (less than 0.66cm in diameter) Can include living and non-living particles Can be divided into 4 layers that are found at different altitudes Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere

Continued... Troposphere 0-10km from earth Average temp is 15 degrees Reaches a minimum temp of -60 degrees at the top Contains 80% of atmospheric gases Stratosphere 10-50km from earth Average temp -60 and increases to o degrees as you move away from earth No life in this part of the atmosphere Contains the ozone layer

Continued... Mesosphere About 80 km away from earth Temperature moves from 0 degrees to -100 degrees at the top of the layer Thermosphere Farthest away from earth Temperature moves from - 100 degrees to as much as 1500 degrees Very little gas Temperature change is not fully understood

Lithosphere Solid portion of the earth that floats above the mantle Outer surface of the earth Extends to about 100km below surface of the earth Warmed mainly by the sun and very little by the earths core

Hydrosphere Accounts for all of the water on earth ~97% is salt water (oceans) and 3% fresh water (lakes and streams, frozen snow and glaciers) The amount of water on earth always remains the same! Warmed mainly by incoming sunlight

Interaction of the Biosphere The earth’s water, nitrogen and carbon cycles show how the different layers of the biosphere interact Can you think of how water moves through these layers???

Climate Most people live in areas of the world that do not have distinct seasons – can you think of why this would happen? Climate can determine your lifestyle, how you eat, what you wear and how expensive items are at a grocery store that you buy Why is this???

Continued – Affect on organisms Climate can affect environmental conditions This forces adaptation in organisms What is adaptation? Can you think of any adaptations of animals on different continents? How can food webs be affected by climate change?

Climate change What is the difference between weather and climate? Climate change is a change that occurs to a region over a period of about 30 years There is evidence for climate change but it comes in 2 main forms: Anecdotal Climate Change Relies of reports and records made on a daily, monthly or yearly basis Scientific Climate Change Relies on evidence collected that is un-bias and reflects general situations not particular events