QGP at RHIC: Seen through Modified Jet Fragmentation

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Presentation transcript:

QGP at RHIC: Seen through Modified Jet Fragmentation The discovery of Jet Quenching by STAR experiment at RHIC points to the formation of extremely dense and hot matter produced at RHIC. This lays down the foundation of future studies of properties of the dense matter using Jet Tomography Theory developed at LBNL. Xin-Nian Wang 王新年 LBNL CCAST Workshop August 10, 2004

My Collaborators China: US: Enke Wang, Benwei Zhang, Hanzhong Zhang X.F. Guo, J. Osborne, J. Owens, A. Majumder

Medium Response Function Dynamic System: Photon or dilepton emission (space-like photon) J/Y suppression QCD Response: Parton scattering & dE/dx

Jet Quenching & Modified Jet Fragmentation hadrons ph parton E Dh/a(z)=dN/dz (z=ph/E) Fragmentation Function are measured, and its QCD evolution tested in e+e-, ep and pp collisions How to measure dE/dx ? Modification of fragmentation function Suppression of leading particles (Huang, XNW’96)

DIS off Nuclei e- Frag. Func.

Parton Fragmentation Function e+e- annihilation q S

DGLAP Evolution Splitting function

DGLAP Evolution Binnewies, Kniehl, Kramer 1995 0.075 0.15 0.25 0.35 0.5 0.75 z=0.9

Multiple Parton Scattering Formation time

Modified Fragmentation Guo & XNW’00 Modified splitting functions Two-parton correlation: LPM Virtual correction important, rediscovered by BDMS

Parton Energy Loss Quark energy loss = energy carried by radiated gluon Asymptotic form of parton energy loss BDPM Gyulassy Vitev Levai Wang & Wang Wiedemann; Zakharov

HERMES data E. Wang & XNW PRL 2000 in Au nuclei

High pT spectra in A+A collisions pQCD Parton Model

High pt spectra in pp collisions H. Zhang J. Owens E. Wang XNW 2004

High pt spectra in Au+Au H. Zhang E. Wang J. Owens XNW 2004, in preparation

Single hadron suppression

Suppression of away-side jet Df

Azimuthal anisotropy I Single hadron

Di-hadron fragmentation function jet

DGLAP for Dihadron Fragmentation

Comparison with Monte Carlo

Medium Modification Triggering h1 D(z1,z2)/D(z1)

Modification due to recombination h h work in progress h Hwa & Yang ?

Flavor of Jet Quenching Parton recombination

Criteria for Discovery of QGP Open system, expanding, short-lived, small volume Criteria: High density: e>>ec Large volume: V>>l (mean-free-path) Long life-time: t>>l Local thermal equilibration (interaction): approximately parton degrees of freedom Debye screening of strong interaction: deconfinement

High density at RHIC GeV From RHIC high pT data: single & di-hadron, v2 GeV for E=10 GeV Initial (energy) density 30 (100) times of that in a Cold Au Nucleus Energy density is about 100 times that of that in cold nuclear matter Consistent with estimate of initial condition also consistent with hydrodynamic analysis of radial flow from

Good agreement with ideal fluid hydro Hadron chemical composition Thermalization Jet quenching Single and dihadron suppression Thermalization of hadrons in away-side jet Elliptic flow Requires early thermalization tth<1 fm/c (U. Heinz) Good agreement with ideal fluid hydro Hadron chemical composition

Partonic d.o.f. and Deconfinement Parton recombination effect Reverse ordering of RAA and v2 Qualitatively model independent Deconfinement J/y suppression (sufficient?)

Summary Discovery of Jet Quenching at RHIC proves that a interacting dense matter is formed: Opaque to jets Jet quenching is caused by partonic energy loss Dense matter at RHIC is 30 times higher than cold nuclei, energy density is 100 times higher Collective behavior: Hydrodyamic limit strongly interactive QGP Jet tomography become useful and power tool for studying properties of dense matter

Beginning of jet tomography study Future Perspective Beginning of jet tomography study Details of modified fragmentation Heavy quark fragmentation Dihadron fragmentation Jet-gamma events Measurements of rare events J/y suppression Dilepton and direct photon production

A Perfect Fluid ? Hydrodynamic model with zero viscosity Weakly colored Bound states String theory AdS5/CFT Policastro,Son,Starinets

Bulk Elliptic Flow Pressure gradient anisotropy Hydro-dynamics calc. Self quenching

Parton Energy Loss Same-side jet profile Same-side jet cone remains the same as in pp collision Hadron rescattering will change the correlation Between leading and sub-leading hadrons

Effect of Hadron Absorption Hadron formation time: Uncertainty principle: For protons

Geometry of Heavy Ion Collisions x z y EZDC ET ET Centrality of the collisions Impact Parameter (b) EZDC In heavy ion collisions, you are colliding two extended objects.

No jet quenching in d+Au Initial state effect: Shadowing & pt broadening: XNW, PRC61(00)064910

Azimuthal Anisotropy II Azimuthal Mapping of jet quenching 20-60% STAR preliminary out-plane In-plane